The New Russian Diaspora: Europe’s Challenge and Opportunity
This report assesses both the scale and the roots of the outward migration from the Russian Federation coinciding with Putin’s turning of Russia into an aggressive authoritarian state.
The authors analyze both the open sources and the data collected during a study of the Russian diaspora in European Union (EU) member states, conducted in April 2024 on behalf of the Center for Analysis and Strategies in Europe (CASE) by a team of researchers associated with the University of Nicosia (the findings and methodology of the research are available on the CASE website). The authors argue that the Russians who have recently left their country represent substantial human capital that may be used almost exclusively in Europe or the Americas since both rich historical experience and recent cases of integrating Russians into non-Western societies show that they rarely became successful.
The authors make a clear distinction between classic “emigration” and the current condition of those Russians who left their country, which they prefer to call “relocation”. Those who have relocated are more active and flexible than emigrants have traditionally been; the European authorities can determine the ways and means of their admission, but at the same time, most of them possess financial resources and competencies that can facilitate their future integration into European societies. Studying the Russian diasporas in a number of post-Soviet and Central European nations, the authors depict their positive economic influence on host societies and, using Cyprus as a case study, emphasize how significant it may be even for a developed European country if its authorities pursue a balanced policy aimed at admission and integration of the “relocants”. Assessing the state of the Russian diasporas in Poland, Germany and France, they conclude that this strategy can be used by other EU member states.
The report emphasizes that the massive exodus of educated and self-made Russians presents a serious challenge to Putin’s regime, comparable in its significance to the effect of Western economic sanctions imposed on Russia. Unlike the current sanction policies, which often backfire on Europeans, abetment of Russians’ departure from their country can deliver noticeable economic benefits to the united Europe by creating a broad community of Russians who perceive Europe and the West in general as a close and appreciative ally rather than an enemy, making little distinction between the Putin regime and the decent Russian people who became its hostages.
Dmitry Gudkov was an independent member of the State Duma from 2011 to 2016, who spoke out against a number of decisions of symbolic significance for the Kremlin, such as the annexation of Crimea and the “Anti-Magnitsky Law,” which banned the adoption of Russian children by American citizens. In 2021, amid increasing pressure from Russian authorities on opposition leaders, he was forced to leave Russia. Currently, he is a co-founder and member of the Russian Anti-War Committee, established in 2022 by a group of Russian political émigrés to resist Vladimir Putin’s regime and the aggressive war it is waging against Ukraine.
Vladislav Inozemtsev is a Russian economist and political scientist with a PhD in economics and the founder and director of the Center for Post-Industrial Studies. From 2002 to 2012, he served as the editor-in-chief of Svobodnaya Mysl (Free Thought), a monthly political and economic journal. From 2011 to 2014, he was a professor at the Higher School of Economics and Section Chair at the Department for Public Administration at Moscow State University. Since 2014, he has been working outside Russia as a researcher and senior fellow at the Institute for Human Sciences (Vienna), the Center for Strategic and International Studies, and the Johns Hopkins University (Washington), the German Council on Foreign Relations (Berlin), and some other European and American think tanks.
Dmitry Nekrasov is a Russian economist, writer and entrepreneur who held various positions in Russia’s Federal Tax Service and presidential administration during Dmitry Medvedev’s years in the Kremlin. In 2012-2013 he served as the Secretary General of the Coordination Council of the Russian Opposition. In 2024 he became a co-founder of the Center of Analysis and Strategy in Europe (CASE) and currently serves as its director.
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The New Russian Diaspora: Europe’s Challenge and Opportunity
Russia/Eurasia Center
Founded in 2005 within Ifri, the Russia/Eurasia Center conducts research and organizes debates on Russia, Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and the South Caucasus. Its goal is to understand and anticipate the evolution of this complex and rapidly changing geographical area in order to enrich public discourse in France and Europe and to assist in strategic, political, and economic decision-making.
From Africa to Ukraine: An Investigation into African Prisoners of War
When T. W. received an invitation letter to travel to Russia in November 2025, he could hardly believe it. Two months earlier, he had met a young Russian woman who was ill at the hospital in Kampala where he worked as a nurse. After she returned to Russia, they had kept in touch through social media. Much to his surprise, she invited him to come and study and work in her country, even offering to pay for his plane ticket. Delighted by the opportunity, T. W. left without informing either his family or his employer.
Russia’s Policy of Recruiting Fighters and Female Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa
The Russo-Ukrainian war, which began on February 24, 2022, quickly became internationalized. Russia and Ukraine were both quick to mobilize their allies in order to secure political and diplomatic support, as well as military and economic resources. But both belligerents also sought to recruit foreigners on a private basis to support their respective war efforts. This policy is global, extending from Latin America to the Far East. Sub-Saharan Africa, in this landscape, is of particular interest because it constitutes a vast and easily accessible recruitment pool, owing to high poverty rates in most countries of the region combined with a strong desire to emigrate.
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