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2020 And Beyond: 2050 in light of the Copenhagen Accord

Editorials
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Actuelles de l'Ifri, November 2010
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2020 And Beyond: 2050 in light of the Copenhagen Accord...
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At the end of the Copenhagen Conference of December 2009, the attending parties failed to agree on a legally binding commitment, but ultimately signed the Copenhagen Accord. The countries signing this accord took different engagements in respect to their economic and emissions status. 

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The developed countries stated their targets in the Annex 1, where a specific emissions reduction is planned by 2020 based on a specific year. Non-annex 1 countries, developing nations, stated their emissions targets in different terms, usually in terms of a reduction versus business as usual or a reduction in carbon intensity. Through simple calculations, this paper seeks to illustrate what these targets represent concretely, in the same unit of CO2 emissions. By looking at the entirety of the Annex 1 countries, in addition to the major emitters of non-Annex 1 countries, China and India, this paper will project emissions to 2020 and 2050 and discuss their relevance to the goal of 450 ppm....

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978-2-86592-786-9

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Climate & Energy
Center for Energy & Climate
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Ifri's Energy and Climate Center carries out activities and research on the geopolitical and geoeconomic issues of energy transitions such as energy security, competitiveness, control of value chains, and acceptability. Specialized in the study of European energy/climate policies as well as energy markets in Europe and around the world, its work also focuses on the energy and climate strategies of major powers such as the United States, China or India. It offers recognized expertise, enriched by international collaborations and events, particularly in Paris and Brussels.

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How to Make European e-SAF Production under RefuelEU Aviation Fly?

Date de publication
18 June 2026
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Three and a half years before the scheduled entry into force of the European regulation ReFuelEU Aviation (RFEUA), which requires aviation fuel suppliers at Union airports to offer a sustainable synthetic alternative (e-SAF), no sizeable commercial production unit (greater than 10,000 tons per year) is active within Europe yet, nor has it even passed the Final Investment Decision (FID). Is a major step in the European Union (EU) plans for decarbonizing air transport at risk of not happening, or at least being postponed for several years? Is Europe losing its bet to create a market for e-SAF? Under what conditions can this bet still be won? Could sovereignty and energy security preoccupations unlock necessary public support and help to overcome economic, financial, logistical or administrative obstacles?

Rémy CARBONNIER
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The European Biomethane Sector at a Critical Juncture: Stronger Policy Alignment Will Matter

Date de publication
10 June 2026
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The European biomethane sector is at a critical juncture.

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Europe’s Power Grid Challenge: A Make-or-Break for Accelerating Electrification

Date de publication
26 May 2026
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In April 2023, The Economist published an article pointing to the vast amounts of electricity infrastructure needed to reach energy transition goals. 

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Germany Maintains Its Single Electricity Price Zone: Implications

Date de publication
22 April 2026
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In December 2025, Germany refused to split its bidding zone despite recommendations from ENTSO-E, in order to preserve its federal unity, market liquidity, and the competitiveness of its industry, at the cost of persistent North-South imbalances.

François NUC

How can this study be cited?

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2020 And Beyond: 2050 in light of the Copenhagen Accord...
Christoph MEYER, « 2020 And Beyond: 2050 in light of the Copenhagen Accord », Editorials, Ifri, 4 November 2010.
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