Would the expected military victory against ISIS suffice to pacify Iraq and trigger a new momentum of reform of its largely dysfunctional political system? Pending the next general elections, Prime minister Haidar Al-Albadi faces multiple challenges: humanitarian emergency in areas devastated by the long battle againts ISIS and subsequent need for national reconciliation with Sunni Arabs; revamping a political system plagued by armed militias and predatory and corrupt politicians committed to pursuing the existing status quo; growing economic difficulties due to the drop of oil revenues, and finally, international and regional actors seeing Iraq as an arena for their confrontation.