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Twenty years after the collapse of the Soviet world, it may come as a surprise to some just how useful the Marxian conceptual apparatus still is for deciphering the world, especially through the endless contradictions between infrastructures (of a material, technical or economic nature) and superstructures (of an institutional, legal, and political nature). Philippe Moreau Defarges is a senior fellow and co-director of the RAMSES report at Ifri (French Institute of International Relations). He is the author of, among other works, La Géopolitique pour les Nuls (Paris: éditions First. 2008)