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The difference between immigration and emigration countries tends to disappear at the South of the Mediterranean. Whereas oil countries are becoming more restrictive towards immigration, many other countries are becoming receiving or transit countries of globalized immigration. Everywhere the problem of necessary policies is thus raised: at the international level, in order to regroup issues of emigration and immigration, and at the national level, in order to integrate new populations.Philippe Fargues, is Professor at the Institut universitaire européen of Firienza, and Director of the Euro-mediterranean Consortium for Research applyed to international flows of population at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. Specialist in islamic world, he has published numerous scientific works.