Practical information
The 4x4 Directors Forum is an annual meeting gathering the directors of four European and four African Think Tanks to discuss current challenges that both continents are facing. The purpose is to identify common positions and asymmetries, and address possible areas of cooperation in order to build solid bridges between the African and European continent.
By invitation only
Think Tank Members :
Africa Economic Development Policy Initiative (AEDPI)
French Institute of International Relations (Ifri)
Institute for Peace and Security Studies (IPSS)
Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI)
Policy Center for the New South (PCNS)
Royal United Services Institute (RUSI)
Related Subjects
Other events
Nuclear Sharing in Europe: A Contested Policy That Endures
Since the end of the Cold War, the number of US nuclear weapons stationed in Europe has fallen more than seventy-fold, yet their presence in Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Turkey remains a quiet pillar of NATO's deterrence posture. This "nuclear sharing" arrangement, central to the Alliance since its founding, has long been contested by public opinion, political parties, and civil society across Europe, without ever being abandoned by host governments. This paradox lies at the heart of the seminar: why does such an unpopular policy persist?