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From Ukraine to Gaza: Military Uses of Artificial Intelligence

Politique étrangère Articles from Politique Etrangère
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Politique étrangère, Vol. 89, No. 3, Fall 2024
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The wars in Ukraine and Gaza show us the extent to which artificial intelligence (AI) has become integral to battlefield operations. 

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Visuel article Ferey Rochegonde PE3-2024
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This technology is used in many ways, from intelligence analysis to targeting, logistics, and communications. It has accelerated the pace of operations to such a degree that the time available for human operators to take firing decisions has been reduced to just a few seconds. To prevent this trend from spiraling out of control, military applications of AI must be strictly regulated.

Amélie Férey is head of the Defense Research Unit at Ifri's Security Studies Center.
Laure de Roucy-Rochegonde is head of the Geopolitics of Technologies Center at Ifri.

Article published in Politique étrangère, Vol. 89, No. 3, Fall 2024.

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Author(s)
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Amélie FÉREY

Amélie FÉREY

Intitulé du poste

Former Research Fellow, Former Head of the Defense Research Unit, Security Studies Center, Ifri

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laure_de_rochegonde

Laure de ROUCY-ROCHEGONDE

Intitulé du poste
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Authentic Modern High Tech Robot Weapon
Center for Geopolitics of Technology
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Artificial intelligence (AI), 5G, cybersecurity, robotics, semiconductors, space…Technologies—particularly digital technologies—now profoundly affect all human activities and, by extension, international relations. The political, strategic, economic, and social stakes that arise from them are expressed across multiple political levels, involving states, international organizations, and private companies alike. International dynamics of competition and cooperation are being reshaped as a result. To address these challenges, Ifri launched its Geopolitics of Technology Center in 2020, offering a distinctly European perspective on the international issues surrounding so-called critical technologies.

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French soldiers during an exercise in the forest
Defense Research Unit
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The Defense Research Unit is a program that aims at stimulating the strategic debate by dealing with subjects at the junction of the “technico-operational” and the “political-strategic”. A unique structure in France, it brings together civilian researchers and “military fellows” from each of the three armies to produce work on defense policies, the capability and strategic adaptation of armies, and foresight on tomorrow's conflicts.

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 A soldier watching a sunset on an armored infantry fighting vehicle
Security Studies Center
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Heir to a tradition dating back to the founding of Ifri, the Security Studies Center provides public and private decision-makers as well as the general public with the keys to understanding power relations and contemporary modes of conflict as well as those to come. Through its positioning at the juncture of politics and operations, the credibility of its civil-military team and the wide distribution of its publications in French and English, the Center for Security Studies constitutes in the French landscape of think tanks a unique center of research and influence on the national and international defense debate.

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Europe at the Crossroads of DefTech: Rethinking the European Defense Innovation Ecosystem

Date de publication
16 February 2026
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“The way I look at Iron Dome is as the ultimate manifestation of the future of the United States’ role in future conflicts, which is not to be the world police, but to be the world gun store,” said Palmer Luckey in November 2023. Luckey is the founder of Anduril, one of the most prominent DefTech companies. The ambition is clear: to participate in global rearmament by capitalizing on the quality of American innovations and to dominate the arms market—at least in the West—through technological mastery.

Alexandre PAPAEMMANUEL Laure de ROUCY-ROCHEGONDE
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Date de publication
02 June 2026
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The central role of technology in the competition between the major powers is fueling an ever-more intense rivalry. Artificial intelligence is enabling large corporations to accrue unprecedented power, with consequences for states and even for international conflict. However, states do have tools at their disposal to regulate these developments. In this international competition, Europe has a strong hand, but must be prepared to play its cards in order to create a new kind of international cooperation.

Anu BRADFORD
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Trump II vs. Digital Governance: A Crusade in the United States and Europe

Date de publication
01 April 2026
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Since taking office, the Trump II administration has waged a systematic deregulation campaign targeting the tech sector in both the United States and Europe. How can Europe maintain dialogue while preserving its governance framework?

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Regulatory Dynamics and Tensions in the Space Sector: Towards and Americanization of Space Law?

Date de publication
13 November 2025
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The development of space law has gradually evolved from a top-down normative dynamic dominated by the founding impetus of the UN to a bottom-up normativity driven by national and industrial practices. This evolution is now accompanied by growing normative competition, raising the risk of an Americanization of space law and prompting the question of a European response.

Philippe ACHILLEAS

How can this study be cited?

Amélie FÉREY, Laure de ROUCY-ROCHEGONDE, « From Ukraine to Gaza: Military Uses of Artificial Intelligence », Politique étrangère, Articles from Politique Etrangère, Ifri, 10 September 2024.
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