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China, technical standardization, and the future of globalization

External Publications External Book Chapters
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in Gaillard, N., Gotoh, F., and Michalek, R., The Future of Multilateralism and Globalization in the Age of U.S.-China Rivalry, New York: Routeledge, 2024, pp. 132-152
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The Future of Multilateralism and Globalization in the Age of the U.S.-China Rivalry
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As the global economy sits at a crossroad between connectivity-driven globalization and strategic decoupling, technical standardization provides a valuable measure of where we are headed.

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Long thought of as a benign, apolitical defining of baseline processes, products, and services, standardization has ballooned into a field of geopolitical competition, particularly as the United States, China, Europe, and others wrestle over technological leadership in the industries of the future. Driven largely by private enterprise initiatives, the West has long held the high ground in setting technical standards. While China is a newcomer to the field, it has grand ambitions of becoming a premier purveyor of global standards and has laid the groundwork for building out a more China-centered ecosystem through efforts such as the Belt and Road Initiative. In this context, the “twin transitions” toward a low-carbon and digital future, where many standards remain to be set, offer an opportunity for Beijing. Ultimately, whether China chooses a collaborative path with the West on standards development, how the latter respond to China’s initiatives, and whether multistakeholder, consensus-based standardization processes can resist the push and pull of geopolitics will go a long way to determining the degree of cohesion and fragmentation in the global economy for decades to come.

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John SEAMAN

John SEAMAN

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Research Fellow, Center for Asian Studies, Ifri

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Center for Asian Studies
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Asia is a nerve center for multiple global economic, political and security challenges. The Center for Asian Studies provides documented expertise and a platform for discussion on Asian issues to accompany decision makers and explain and contextualize developments in the region for the sake of a larger public dialogue.

The Center's research is organized along two major axes: relations between Asia's major powers and the rest of the world; and internal economic and social dynamics of Asian countries. The Center's research focuses primarily on China, Japan, India, Taiwan and the Indo-Pacific, but also covers Southeast Asia, the Korean peninsula and the Pacific Islands. 

The Centre for Asian Studies maintains close institutional links with counterpart research institutes in Europe and Asia, and its researchers regularly carry out fieldwork in the region.

The Center organizes closed-door roundtables, expert-level seminars and a number of public events, including an Annual Conference, that welcome experts from Asia, Europe and the United States. The work of Center’s researchers, as well as that of their partners, is regularly published in the Center’s electronic journal Asie.Visions.

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Space Security and Missile Defense : Japan's Quest for Autonomy and Indispensability

Date de publication
10 November 2026
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Seeking greater autonomy without loosening its alliance with the United States, Japan has steadily turned space into a pillar of its defense, building sovereign capabilities that also make it an indispensable partner, to Washington and beyond. This approach raises questions for Europe, whose ties with Japan are multiplying but which has yet to define what it can concretely bring to Tokyo, particularly in missile warning.

Nanae Baldauff
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China’s Climate Leadership after Hormuz: How Should Europe Adjust?

China’s Climate Leadership after Hormuz: How Should Europe Adjust?

Date de publication
26 October 2026
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The effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz in early 2026 offered an unplanned stress test of China’s approach to energy security, and China passed it far better than most expected. The episode demonstrated that the underlying risk of supply disruption is real, while validating a preference for resilience and resource security that has long underpinned Chinese energy and climate policy and has now been reinforced under the banner of building an “energy powerhouse.”

China as an ambivalent supporter of the WTO and the multilateral trading system

Date de publication
25 September 2026
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Amid rising trade tensions between Europe and China and broader uncertainty in the international rules-based trade regime, Beijing has worked to preserve and bolster the multilateral trading system while at the same time failing to reform the domestic policies that have served to undermine that same system.    

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Canada in the Indo-Pacific: Sustaining the Pivot, Partnering with France

Date de publication
02 November 2026
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Since the launch of Canada’s inaugural Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS) in November 2022, Ottawa has moved—with notable but uneven momentum—from the margins of regional engagement to a position of growing strategic visibility. The Strategy, backed by an initial $2.3 billion five-year investment, reflects a long-overdue recognition: Canada is a Pacific nation whose prosperity and security are inextricably linked to the stability of the world’s most economically and strategically consequential region.

Jonathan Berkshire Miller

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The Future of Multilateralism and Globalization in the Age of the U.S.-China Rivalry
John SEAMAN, « China, technical standardization, and the future of globalization », External Publications, External Book Chapters, Ifri, 1 February 2024.
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