This new ambition, changes in the international environment, and national challenges have combined to shape German policy ever since. Two years after the new government took office and formulated its ambitions, the time has come for an evaluation: In what respect and how has German defense policy changed?

Although much progress has been made, it is difficult to distinguish a homogeneous new policy. It appears that the evolution of defense policy is being driven to a large extent by both internal and external crises. A new “policy of responsibility” is mostly visible when it concerns matters where events or partners put pressure on German politics: operations and defense cooperation, Ukraine, ISIS, or the necessity to save on materiel.

At the same time, the debate on German responsibility has enabled the pressure on German security policy, resulting from the recent crises, to be channeled in the right direction: toward a greater German contribution to international security. The challenge now consists of merging the notion of “responsibility” and the crisis-driven pressure in a way that leads to the development of a new and coherent German defense policy. Defining what exactly assuming responsibility means, along with the necessary political, military and financial changes, will clarify the work that Berlin must still complete. It will also help to clarify the role lying ahead for Germany’s partners in security policy, who are hoping for even greater German engagement.

This paper is published in French – Entre la crise et la responsabilité : un premier bilan de la nouvelle politique de défense allemande

This paper is also published in German – Zwischen Krisen und Verantwortung: Eine erste Bilanz der neuen deutschen Verteidigungspolitik

Claudia Major is Senior associate of the Research Division “International security policy” at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik). 

Christian Mölling is Senior Resident Fellow at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik).