As the commercial anchor of the space sector, the downstream sector plays an essential role in Europe where industry focuses mainly on application markets and where socio-economic considerations have become the main driver of space policy.

European Space Governance Initiative

The European Space Governance Initiative, coordinated by Ifri, brings together three leading European think tanks: the French institute of international relations (Ifri) in France, the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik (DGAP) in Germany and the Instituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) in Italy.
Through a series of publications and debates, this initiative aims to raise awareness among actors in the three countries, as well as in institutions of the European Union, of the challenges posed by the revival of international space competition.
More precisely, it aims to underline the stakes which result from it, in particular within the framework of the digital transition in Europe, the emergence of New Space in the United States, the evolution of the Russian space sector, and finally the assertion of China as a leading space player.
Secretary General of the Study Committee on Franco-German Relations (Cerfa)
...The number of small satellites in orbit has increased rapidly over the last decade, and the growth of this sector is expected to accelerate even more in coming years.
The unprecedented growth of space activities, the multiplication as well as diversification of players involved in the exploitation of outer space, and even, more generally, the dependence of all sectors of activity on space infrastructures are some of the main phenomena that have led to a...
India has one of the oldest space programs in the world with space playing a critical role in India’s national development and external power projection capability.
Satellite constellations have become core elements of the digital transition. Over the next decade, several thousand satellites will have to be launched, to build these constellations. For positioning satellites, preferably in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), reliable and affordable launch...
This paper explores how the E3 format – involving France, Germany and the UK – might develop in response to the challenges presented by the UK’s departure from the EU. The paper outlines how the trilateral format has supported policymaking to date, most notably in dialogue on Iran’s nuclear...
From the dawn of China’s space program in the mid-1950s to the ability to build, launch and operate satellites in low Earth and geosynchronous orbits from the 1980s, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) is in 2021 a complete space power with autonomous access to outer space and to deep-space...
With the advent of New Space, Russia is engaged in a race against time to preserve one of its major industrial assets.
At the end of year 2020, the European space sector finds itself at a crossroads between challenges and opportunities. While the 2019 European Space Agency (ESA) Ministerial Conference marked a progression in terms of budgets, a sign of renewed space ambitions, the technological and...
The US space sector, comprised of its government organizations and its commercial industry, is leading the revolution in space, often called "new space".
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China's far-reaching ambition for a permanent presence in outer space began in earnest on Thursday with the launch of its first crew bound for a new space station.