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German Defense Policy

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How does Germany translate the change of era in the defense sector through armament policies and the defense of a force system? What are the impacts on its positioning within NATO and the CSDP (Common Security and Defence Policy)?

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The 2016 German White Paper. The consolidation of the “Munich consensus” and persisting questions

Date de publication
19 October 2016
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The 2016 White Paper on security policy and the future of the Bundeswehr is testament to Berlin’s declared will to play a more active role internationally, to assume more responsibility and to provide leadership in close concertation with its partners in Europe and the world. 

Between crisis and responsibility: a first assessment of the new German defense policy

Date de publication
14 December 2015
Accroche

Since the speeches delivered by President Joachim Gauck, Minister of Foreign Affairs Frank-Walter Steinmeier and Minister of Defence Ursula von der Leyen at the 2014 Munich Security Conference, Germany has seen a debate on new responsibilities in its foreign and security policy.

Claudia MAJOR Christian MÖLLING

Germany: The Past that Does not Pass

Date de publication
20 March 2014
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Germany’s responsibility in the two global conflicts reflects, among other things, the German military’s desire to free itself from political control and the depth to which the Wehrmacht was immersed into Nazi ideology and a Nazi state whose orders it never really contested.

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FCAS project failure: 'France, Germany characterised by totally different strategic cultures'

09 June 2026
Nom du journal, revue ou émission
France 24 English
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France and Germany said on Monday they had agreed to abandon a joint fighter jet programme due to disagreements between the companies involved, in a blow to European efforts to boost defence cooperation.

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Logo Le Monde
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'With the withdrawal of US troops from Germany, Berlin is facing a historic dilemma'

05 May 2026
Nom du journal, revue ou émission
Le Monde
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Donald Trump's announcement of the withdrawal of US troops is forcing Berlin to confront the long-standing taboo on its own defense, explains Paul Maurice, a specialist in Franco-German relations at the Study Committee on Franco-German Relations (Cerfa) at French Institute of International Relations.

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Financial Times
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Germany re-arms: what does it mean for Europe?

28 April 2026
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Financial Times
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Paris sees risks for its industry and the continent’s sovereignty in Berlin’s rapid defence build-up. Chancellor Friedrich Merz’s defence spending push has raised concerns about locking in procurement choices and giving German industry an advantage over its neighbours.

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arte logo
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Macron-Merz: Power Behind the Scenes

07 April 2026
Nom du journal, revue ou émission
ARTE
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French German relations have been very close for decades as key partners in driving forward European integration within the EU. Can the current leaders President Emmanuel Macron and Chancellor Friedrich Merz reforge the relationship and build a Europe fit for the challenges of our times and the future? This documentary follows the two men across Europe and the world and observes their common goals as well as their differences.

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Table.Briefings
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Greenland and transatlantic security: How Berlin, Warsaw and Paris could become more effective

19 January 2026
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Table.Briefing
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European NATO countries are backing a presence in Greenland in response to Trump’s claim on the island. But the US president is escalating the conflict with threats of new tariffs. In an interview with Table.Briefings, experts call for institutional reforms – if Europe wants to become more capable of acting.

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Logo Le Monde
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French-German future combat aircraft project on the brink of collapse

02 October 2025
Nom du journal, revue ou émission
Le Monde
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Eight years after Emmanuel Macron and Angela Merkel launched the SCAF, this symbol of European sovereignty in defense is on the verge of collapse. At issue are the demands of the project's main contractor, Dassault Aviation, which Berlin considers excessive, as well as political and strategic differences between France and Germany.

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Related centers and programs
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The Pariser Platz (Paris Square) on the east side of the Brandenburg Gate at Berlin, Germany
The Study Committee on Franco-German Relations (Cerfa)
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The Study Committee on Franco-German Relations (Cerfa) was created in 1954 by an inter-governmental agreement between the Federal Republic of Germany and France, in order to raise awareness of Germany in France and analyze Franco-German relations, including in their European and international dimensions. In its conferences and seminars, which bring together experts, political leaders, senior decision-makers and representatives of civil society from both countries, Cerfa develops the Franco-German debate and stimulates political proposals. It regularly publishes studies through two collections: Cerfa notes and studies as well as Franco-German visions.

Cerfa maintains close relations with the network of German foundations and think tanks. In addition to its research and debate activities, Cerfa promotes the emergence of a new Franco-German generation through original cooperation programs. This is how in 2021-2022, Cerfa led a program on multilateralism with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation in Paris. This program is aimed at young professionals from both countries interested in the issues of multilateralism in the context of their activities. It covered a wide range of themes relating to multilateralism, such as international trade, health, human rights and migration, non-proliferation and disarmament. Previously, Cerfa had participated in the Franco-German future dialogue, co-led with the DGAP from 2007 to 2020, and supported by the Robert Bosch Foundation and the Daniel Vernet group (formerly the Franco-German Reflection Group) which was founded in 2014 upon the initiative of the Genshagen Foundation.