Trump II and the World / Politique étrangère, Vol. 90, No. 3, 2025
Does Trumpism exist? And if so, how can its ideology be characterized, given the myriad currents underpinning it—from populism and the Christian Right to paleolibertarianism and technolibertarianism? Does it embody a genuine worldview that informs its diplomatic actions? An obsessive drive to overturn long-standing practices, alliances, and commitments deemed “detrimental” to American interests, coupled with a fixation on transactional, one-off deals, appears to serve as its de facto strategy—hence the widespread weakening of allied ties. Observers are equally at a loss to discern an economic strategy, and above all reluctant to anticipate the possible outcomes of its contradictory maneuvers.
Faced with the Trump tornado and the havoc it is wreaking on the Old Continent, European nations seem hesitant: How will they ensure their security going forward—and against whom, and with what means—if the United States confirms even a partial withdrawal of military support? How should Europeans go about devising a comprehensive security strategy? How can their concrete defense needs be identified? Should Europeans turn a blind eye, resign themselves to the situation, or rally their forces to change it—and at what economic and political cost?
European interests extend beyond the continent itself. For this quarter, Politique étrangère also turns its attention to the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Asia-Pacific region, the main stage for the economic tug-of-war between China and the US. It also examines the misfortune that has befallen Haiti—a situation in which France played no small part, yet it remains one of the few countries actively concerned about Haiti’s plight.
This issue is available in French only: Trump II et le monde
TRUMP II AND THE WORLD
Trump II: The Clash of Ideologies, by Laurence Nardon
The Geopolitics of the Second Trump Administration, by Alix Frangeul-Alves and Martin Quencez
Donald Trump’s Economic Nationalism, by Norbert Gaillard
Trump II and Asia: The Wind is Picking Up..., by Marc Julienne
The Second Trump Administration and the Middle East, by Rym Momtaz
DOES EUROPE HAVE THE MEANS TO DEFEND ITSELF?
The Defense of Europe: A New Crisis of Principles, by Olivier Schmitt
Europe Uncovered?, by Élie Tenenbaum and Guillaume Garnier
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Turkey-PKK: Forty Years, All for Nothing?, by Adel Bakawan
Iraqi Shiites: Religious and Strategic Drivers of Iranian Influence, by Alain Monnier
BAROMETERS
Jihadism: North African Combatants in the Syrian-Iraqi Zone, by Djallil Lounnas
The Challenges Facing Nigerian Oil in the Niger Delta, by Marc-Antoine Pérouse de Montclos
Value Chains and Investments in Asia, by Paul Salez
REFLECTIONS
Iran’s Nuclear Program: Evaluation Methods and Difficulties, by Cyril Gelibter
Haiti 1825–2025: The Geopolitics of Debt, by Jean Marie Théodat
BOOK REVIEWS
Editor: Marc Hecker
Multinationales. Une histoire du monde contemporain, by Olivier Petitjean and Ivan du Roy (eds.), by Vincent Vicard
232 pages. 23 euros.
September 9th, 2025.
Diffusion : Pollen/Dif'Pop.
Subscription: Armand Colin.
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To buy the Epub (in French): Immatériel.fr.
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Trump II and the World / Politique étrangère, Vol. 90, No. 3, 2025
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This special issue of Politique étrangère focuses on the proceedings of the Conference organized by the French Institute of International Relations (Ifri) for its 40th anniversary, held on April 10th, 2019, in Sorbonne University's Grand Amphithéâtre.
The Waning of Universalism
During the 19th century, Westerners provided ideological justifications for their colonization, namely spreading the Enlightenment across the globe. This project was received favorably until the second half of the 20th century. Over the last 20 years, it has met new hostility. The “universal values” promoted by the West are viewed today as a form of imperialism to be opposed – especially by China, Russia and Turkey.
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Following the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, the international community sought new stability in the financial system and the assurance of sustained growth. The crisis that began in 2007-2008 has revealed weaknesses that affected advanced economies first and foremost. Efforts have since been made to consolidate the international financial architecture, to coordinate macroeconomic policy, and to improve foreign exchange relations, even if this latter objective has proven complex.
International trade disagreements: Beyond Trump
The trade war between the United States and China is not only due to Donald Trump’s impulsiveness. Its roots are in fact profound and follow three structural changes in the multilateral trading system: the reversal of comparative advantages, the now central role of certain developing countries, and the re-balancing of power that makes coordination between states difficult. In this context, the future of world trade has yet to be written.