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Sub-Saharan Africa

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Sub-Saharan Africa is not monolithic. While crises in the Sahel have attracted a great deal of attention, other regions also need to be monitored, and not just through the prism of security.

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Sub-Saharan Africa
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Publications
Press
Date de publication
March 2025

Anglo-Kenyan Relations (1920-2024) : Conflict, Alliance and a Redemptive Arc

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The Rift Valley Kenya, 11 December 2023
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The Rift Valley Kenya, 11 December 2023
Credits : © Inaya KHAN
Accroche

This article provides an evidentiary basis for postcolonial policy in its analysis of Anglo-Kenyan relations in a decolonization era.

Inaya KHAN
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The High Authority for Peacebuilding (HACP) in Niger 2011-2023. Placing the State at the heart of conflict prevention and management.

Date de publication
06 November 2024
Accroche

Like other Sahelian countries, Niger has been affected by terrorism for almost two decades now. This issue has highlighted both the limits of these countries’ security systems and, more profoundly, their inability to offer stability to the populations of certain parts of the country. In a way, these “jihadized insurgencies” are a continuity of groups that regularly take up arms against central states.

Abderrahmane CISSÉ
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Can carbon markets make a breakthrough at COP29?

Date de publication
30 October 2024
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Voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) have a strong potential, notably to help bridge the climate finance gap, especially for Africa.

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Kenya’s Spiritual President and The Making of a Born-Again Republic: William-Ruto, Kenya’s Evangelicals and Religious Mobilizations in African Electoral Politics

Date de publication
23 October 2024
Accroche

Over the last two decade, the growing influence of Evangelicals and their leaders in electoral politics is one of the most significant developments in the East African region and the Horn of Africa. Their numerical and demographic growth seems to go together with their growing influence in these countries’ political scenes, especially in the spheres of electoral politics, society, and governance. 

Utaguzi HAKI
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Chad: from Deby to Deby. Recipes for a successful succession (2021-2024)

Date de publication
04 October 2024
Accroche

As in Togo and Gabon, the transition that took place in Chad from 2021 to 
2024 resulted in a dynastic succession. Mahamat Idriss Deby succeeded his 
father, Idriss Deby Itno, who was President of Chad from 1996 to 2021. While 
the majority of Chadians were hoping for a change of government, the “Deby 
system” has managed to hold on.

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The Influence of Strategic Subnational Diplomacy in International Relations

Date de publication
16 September 2024
Accroche

The international engagement of cities and local governments has increased and diversified recently. Mainly understood by the public as the cultural and academic ties cultivated within the sister-city framework, these connections now bear deeper and more strategic implications. 

Max BOUCHET
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Gulf States: A Paradoxical Economic Lifeline for Sudan

Date de publication
09 September 2024
Accroche

For decades, Gulf states have provided crucial financial assistance to Sudan. Gulf interest in Sudan is driven by economic benefits and geopolitical competition, though each country has its own interests and approach. 

Selma EL OBEID
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Understanding Intermediate Cities in Nigeria: The Cases of Ibadan and Abeokuta

Date de publication
26 July 2024
Accroche

Nigeria is known for its rapid demographic and urban growth. 

Monsuru MURITALA
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Nigeria’s Oil Wealth and International Relations: Multilateral and Bilateral Lending and Decolonial Therapies

Date de publication
17 July 2024
Accroche

Before Angola surpassed Nigeria as Africa’s top oil producer in April 2023, Nigeria was Africa’s main oil exporter even before the country gained independence in 1960.

Fidelis ALLEN
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The integrated territorial approach (ITA). Hopes and limits of local stabilisation in the Sahel

Date de publication
08 July 2024
Accroche

Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the attacks of 11 September 2001, the proliferation of local conflicts and the partitioning of certain states (Yugoslavia, Somalia) have given rise to external interventions, both bilateral and multilateral, in which the military element has been combined with civil action in innovative ways.

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Decentralization and Its Effects on Urban Governance in Africa

Date de publication
15 April 2024
Accroche

The importance of African cities as economic, political, and social actors is increasing. While Africa used to be perceived as a predominantly rural continent, it is estimated that by 2050, the urban population of the continent will increase by around 900 million people, nearly tripling.[1] 

Lena GUTHEIL
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Kenya’s Spiritual President and The Making of a Born-Again Republic: William-Ruto, Kenya’s Evangelicals and Religious Mobilizations in African Electoral Politics

Date de publication
23 October 2024
Accroche

Over the last two decade, the growing influence of Evangelicals and their leaders in electoral politics is one of the most significant developments in the East African region and the Horn of Africa. Their numerical and demographic growth seems to go together with their growing influence in these countries’ political scenes, especially in the spheres of electoral politics, society, and governance. 

Utaguzi HAKI
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Chad: from Deby to Deby. Recipes for a successful succession (2021-2024)

Date de publication
04 October 2024
Accroche

As in Togo and Gabon, the transition that took place in Chad from 2021 to 
2024 resulted in a dynastic succession. Mahamat Idriss Deby succeeded his 
father, Idriss Deby Itno, who was President of Chad from 1996 to 2021. While 
the majority of Chadians were hoping for a change of government, the “Deby 
system” has managed to hold on.

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The Influence of Strategic Subnational Diplomacy in International Relations

Date de publication
16 September 2024
Accroche

The international engagement of cities and local governments has increased and diversified recently. Mainly understood by the public as the cultural and academic ties cultivated within the sister-city framework, these connections now bear deeper and more strategic implications. 

Max BOUCHET
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Gulf States: A Paradoxical Economic Lifeline for Sudan

Date de publication
09 September 2024
Accroche

For decades, Gulf states have provided crucial financial assistance to Sudan. Gulf interest in Sudan is driven by economic benefits and geopolitical competition, though each country has its own interests and approach. 

Selma EL OBEID
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Understanding Intermediate Cities in Nigeria: The Cases of Ibadan and Abeokuta

Date de publication
26 July 2024
Accroche

Nigeria is known for its rapid demographic and urban growth. 

Monsuru MURITALA
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Nigeria’s Oil Wealth and International Relations: Multilateral and Bilateral Lending and Decolonial Therapies

Date de publication
17 July 2024
Accroche

Before Angola surpassed Nigeria as Africa’s top oil producer in April 2023, Nigeria was Africa’s main oil exporter even before the country gained independence in 1960.

Fidelis ALLEN
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Cross-border Dynamics in Terrorist Mobility and Infiltration along the East African Coastlines

Date de publication
12 March 2024
Accroche

This paper looks at how terrorism has thrived in the East African region, the evolving nature of criminality and terrorism, and the crime-terror nexus in the coastal and maritime areas of East Africa. The emphasis of the analysis is on the Kenyan coastal regions with a focus on three counties, namely, Kwale, Kilifi, and Lamu.

Fathima Azmiya BADURDEEN
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Sudan in Turkey’s African Geopolitics: A Sotto Voce Experience in a Coveted Region

Date de publication
15 November 2023
Accroche

Since the launch of the Opening Plan to Africa in 2003, Turkey's African policy has spread to the whole of the African continent, where its involvement is distinguished by its scope and diversity.

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The national DDR policy for Boko Haram ex-combatants in the Extreme North of Cameroon. Issues, challenges and limits

Date de publication
27 October 2023
Accroche

Surprised and harassed by Boko Haram’s atrocities from mid-2013, the Cameroonian authorities initially responded with strong military and judicial responses that helped to contain the threat and regain control of the situation.

Moussa BOBBO
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The Roots of a Quarter-Century of Violence Lie to the East of Congo (Kinshasa)

Date de publication
07 December 2022
Accroche

Almost thirty years after the genocide of the Tutsis in Rwanda, the entire region remains unstable. After Paul Kagame came to power, 1.5 million Hutus fled to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. For the Rwandan president, they represented an unacceptable threat. There then followed the First and Second Congo Wars, the consequences of which are still apparent. The recent attacks perpetrated by  the M23 rebels are a new episode in this tragic story.

Colette BRAECKMAN
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EU Winds Down Military Training Operations in Mali

12 April 2022
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The European bloc is involved in two training missions in Mali – the EUTM and the EUCAP – to coach soldiers and police.

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Why France is losing its 'Great Game' in western Africa

02 July 2021
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The British used to call it "the Great Game" — the military and political jockeying of great powers in the late 19th century in Afghanistan, India and the areas around southern Russia. France, too, has played its "Great Game" in western Africa for 150 years. Now it's losing. Islamist extremists are winning.

France girds for long fight against Islamists in Africa's Sahel

06 July 2018
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Days before French President Emmanuel Macron visited West and Central African leaders this week to talk security, Islamist fighters sent a defiant message -- a suicide attack on the headquarters of a five-nation force that is supposed to take the lead in fighting terrorism in the region.

Last year Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger agreed to set up the 5,000-member force dubbed the "G5 Sahel", urged along by pledges of training and support from France.

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Thierry VIRCOULON

China, Russia rise in CAR as Western influence shrinks

24 May 2018
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Russia and China are muscling their way into the Central African Republic as Western clout in the mineral-rich, strategically important nation seems to wane, analysts say.

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Day zero for Zuma? South Africa's president negotiates departure

13 February 2018
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It's a watershed moment for South Africa and the party of Nelson Mandela. The leadership of the African National Congress is expected to force out Jacob Zuma. Will the president go quietly? Can he negotiate a deal in the face of long-looming corruption allegations?

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Angola awaits successor to long-ruling leader Dos Santos

09 December 2016
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Angola is expected to formally announce the end of President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos' controversial 37-year rule Saturday, and name a successor to lead the ailing African oil-producing country.

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China looking to learn from France about Africa

30 June 2015
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Trade is the focus of a three-day visit to France that Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang started on Tuesday. Beyond deals with French companies, China and France are expected to sign an agreement on joint infrastructure projects in Asia and Africa.

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Ramses Conference, 2024
Related centers and programs
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Macro view of a political map of Ethiopia
East and Central Africa Observatory
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The East and Central Africa Observatory is a 3-year research project (2023-2025) that Ifri is carrying out jointly with the French Institute of Research in Africa (IFRA) in Nairobi for the French Ministry of Defense, and more specifically its International Relations and Strategy Division (DGRIS). This observatory focuses on the main political, security and geopolitical developments taking place in the geographical areas covered by itself. This is achieved through the regular production of research notes, in English or French and the organization of an annual seminar around a key theme. For our research notes and conferences, we call on internationally acknowledged experts in the topics covered. This Observatory began in 2016, under the title of Observatory of Central and Southern Africa within Ifri's Sub-Saharan Africa Center. 55 notes were drafted between 2016 and 2020.

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Subsaharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa Center
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Founded in 2007, Ifri's Sub-Saharan Africa center produces an in-depth analysis of the African continent and its security, geopolitical, political and socio-economic dynamics (in particular the phenomenon of urbanization). The Center aims to be both, through various publications and conferences, a space for disseminating analyzes intended for the media and the public but also a decision-making tool for political and economic actors with regard to the continent.

The center produces analyses for various organizations such as the Ministry of the Armed Forces, the Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the French Development Agency (AFD) and even for various private supports. Its researchers are regularly interviewed by parliamentary committees.

The organization of events of various formats complements the production of analyzes by bringing the different spheres of the public space (academic, political, media, economic and civil society) to meet and exchange analytical tools and visions of the continent. The Sub-Saharan Africa Center regularly welcomes political leaders from different sub-Saharan African countries.

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Sub-Saharan Africa
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