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Rare Earths and the WTO: Tougher case than it looks

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Ifri-CIGS Op-Ed Series, 28 March 2012
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Rare Earths and the WTO: Tougher case than it looks
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Deepening their partnership, Ifri and the Canon Institute for Global Studies (CIGS) are launching a series of op-eds, written both by Ifri and CIGS experts. This new series aims at providing the European and Asian public with original and different visions on the rapidly evolving international affairs.

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The European Union, the United States and Japan have finally decided to take their case on China’s rare earth export policies to the WTO. China stands accused of violating the terms of its WTO accession agreement by limiting exports of rare earths and driving an artificial wedge between prices in China and prices abroad – in essence using its resource advantage to shelter nascent high-tech industries and even to coerce the transfer of foreign expertise. Beijing, meanwhile, argues that this is a purely internal matter motivated by the need to impose environmental restrictions on a highly polluting industry. Uncontrolled production practices have indeed wrought havoc on local environments and human health in rare earth producing regions. The Chinese authorities argue that export permits and higher prices for rare earths are needed to allow industries to adapt to higher production standards – export tariffs and quotas being a useful tool in China’s eye.

 

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Rare Earths and the WTO: Tougher case than it looks

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Author(s)
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John SEAMAN

John SEAMAN

Intitulé du poste

Research Fellow, Center for Asian Studies, Ifri

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Center for Asian Studies
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Asia is a nerve center for multiple global economic, political and security challenges. The Center for Asian Studies provides documented expertise and a platform for discussion on Asian issues to accompany decision makers and explain and contextualize developments in the region for the sake of a larger public dialogue.

The Center's research is organized along two major axes: relations between Asia's major powers and the rest of the world; and internal economic and social dynamics of Asian countries. The Center's research focuses primarily on China, Japan, India, Taiwan and the Indo-Pacific, but also covers Southeast Asia, the Korean peninsula and the Pacific Islands. 

The Centre for Asian Studies maintains close institutional links with counterpart research institutes in Europe and Asia, and its researchers regularly carry out fieldwork in the region.

The Center organizes closed-door roundtables, expert-level seminars and a number of public events, including an Annual Conference, that welcome experts from Asia, Europe and the United States. The work of Center’s researchers, as well as that of their partners, is regularly published in the Center’s electronic journal Asie.Visions.

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Date de publication
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Umer Karim
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The Oceania Factor in France’s Evolving Indo-Pacific Strategy

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France’s View: From Diplomacy to Public-Private Action

Date de publication
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Trump II, the Crisis of the Rules-Based Order and Europe’s Indo-Pacific Strategy

Date de publication
10 September 2026
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This article examines the implications of Trump II for Europe’s engagement in the Indo-Pacific. The piece contends that Trump II is accelerating the erosion of the rules-based order and undermining the relevance of the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) concept, while forcing Europe to refocus on its own continental security amid US retrenchment. Paradoxically, these very constraints create conditions for a more autonomous, pragmatic, and explicitly interest-driven European engagement in the Indo-Pacific, rather than outright withdrawal.

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Rare Earths and the WTO: Tougher case than it looks
John SEAMAN, « Rare Earths and the WTO: Tougher case than it looks », Editorials, Lettre du Centre Asie, Ifri, 20 March 2012.
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Rare Earths and the WTO: Tougher case than it looks

Rare Earths and the WTO: Tougher case than it looks