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Americas

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The Americas are undergoing profound changes. While the hegemony of the United States is being called into question, Latin America, for its part, is raising issues specific to its territory, and possesses significant development potential.

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Publications
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European Startups and Generative AI: Overcoming Big Tech Dominance

Date de publication
07 April 2025
Accroche

Europe is at a crossroads. Faced with the domination of American Big Tech across the entire generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) value chain, from foundation models to cloud infrastructure, distribution channels, and open source, it risks long-term technological and economic decline. Yet generative AI also represents a major opportunity for economic transformation, with a potential value estimated at 1.5 times France’s gross domestic product (GDP). To turn it into a driver of renewal, Europe must move beyond the illusion of total technological independence and instead build an ecosystem that leverages Big Tech resources while strengthening its own innovation capabilities.

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Donald Trump v. the States: the Case of New York

Date de publication
21 March 2025
Accroche

While the disruptive policies of the second Trump administration are being implemented at the federal level and on the international stage, they are also being felt in the federal states and major cities across the country. In the spring of 2025, several cases involving the state and city of New York demonstrate that the president’s attacks on environmental protection, the separation of powers, freedom of speech, etc., are also being carried out at the local level.

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A Transatlantic Defense Industrial Base? Two Contrasting Views

Date de publication
12 March 2025
Accroche

The evolving landscape of global defense cooperation has brought the transatlantic relationship between the United States (US) and Europe into sharp focus. As geopolitical tensions rise and the threat environment becomes more complex, the question of how Europe can best ensure its security while navigating its relationship with the United States has become paramount. This double feature report offers two contrasting views on the dynamics of US-Europe defense industrial relations, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for both parties.

Jonathan CAVERLEY Ethan B. KAPSTEIN Élie TENENBAUM Léo PÉRIA-PEIGNÉ

(Replay) US-China-Taiwan Relations: What to expect in the Trump II Era?

11 March 2025
Nom du journal, revue ou émission
Ifri
Accroche

Replay of Ifri's Center for Asian Studies' conference "US-China-Taiwan Relations: What to expect in the Trump II era?", held at Ifri on Tuesday 11 March 2025.

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Trump 2: Challenges for the US Military Posture - Politique étrangère, Vol. 90, No. 1, Spring 2025

Date de publication
04 March 2025
Accroche

The distribution of operational leverage points in US strategy has changed significantly over the past two decades, with a sharp reduction. Donald Trump's distancing and repeated criticism of traditional US alliances threaten to undermine the entire architecture of the US presence in the world, beyond the concrete, real and, in particular, industrial impasses of America's military posture.

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Politique étrangère, n° 1/2025

France Contested in Overseas Territories - Politique étrangère, Vol. 90, No. 1, Spring 2025

Date de publication
04 March 2025
Accroche

New Caledonia, Mayotte: France's overseas territories were severely shaken in 2024. Beyond explanations of the economic situation, the place of these overseas territories in French policies and strategies is once again being called into question.

Are France's overseas territories the remnants of an outdated colonialism? Or, on the contrary, are they supports for an extended French presence that the opening-up of the world makes indispensable, and barriers raised here and there against the appetites of new powers? In any case, what policies should the Hexagone pursue in these regions, to promote better development and more effective integration into their environment? And is the legal status of these overseas territories untouchable?

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How the US under Trump Became a Strategic and Ideological Adversary of Europe

Date de publication
21 February 2025
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The Europeans' worst security nightmare seems to be coming true: on Tuesday, February 18, 2025, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov met in Saudi Arabia to initiate the normalization of relations between their two countries. The meeting also aimed to set up peace negotiations for Ukraine. However, despite having the potential to affect the entire continent, the discussions took place without the Europeans or the Ukrainians being present.

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RFI

AI showcase pays off for France, but US tech scepticism endures

14 February 2025
Nom du journal, revue ou émission
RFI
Accroche

France is staking its claim as an AI powerhouse. At the AI Action Summit in Paris this week, global leaders, tech innovators, and policymakers converged to chart the future of artificial intelligence - backed by major investments and bold ambitions for Europe’s leadership in the field. RFI breaks down the key takeaways.

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Will Trumpian Authoritarianism Lead to a Constitutional Crisis?

Date de publication
14 February 2025
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Since his return to the White House on January 20, 2025, President Donald Trump has signed around sixty executive orders to implement his political agenda. Numerous other measures have also been introduced by the White House and the new Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) as part of these orders. 

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Trump’s Second Term: Laying the Groundwork for a New Trade War

Date de publication
07 February 2025
Accroche

In a statement released on February 1, 2025, President Trump announced the implementation of a 10% tariff on Chinese goods and a 25% tariff on imports from Canada and Mexico. While the former took effect via executive order on February 4, the latter were granted a 30-day reprieve. Sanctions targeting European Union (EU) products are said to be imminent.

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From Conservative Nationalists to Tech-Libertarians: Far-Right Ideologies in the Trump 2 Administration

Date de publication
31 January 2025
Accroche

The officials and advisers of the Trump 2 administration represent diverse ideological currents, some of which are relatively new to Washington.

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The Indo-Pacific and Trump II. In Uncle Sam’s brutal embrace

Date de publication
20 January 2025
Accroche

In this collective analysis, the research team of the Center for Asian Studies presents a synthetic and non-exhaustive assessment of the relations taking shape between the United States under the Trump II administration and some of the main players in the Indo-Pacific.

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From nonproliferation to strategic competition: US export controls and China

Date de publication
06 January 2025
Accroche

Technological competition is at the heart of the renewed great-power competition that has characterized relations between the USA and China since the 2010s. The role of technological innovation in the evolution of power relations is already recognized in the literature of international relations. However, developments in US technology policy under the last two administrations raise the reverse question: how does the perception of changing power relations (in this case, Chinese technological catch-up perceived as a threat to US leadership) transform policies granting or denying access to technological innovation?

Replay - The European Union in Competition with the United States and China. How to Balance Free Trade, Competitiveness and Economic Security?

03 December 2024
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Video replay from Ifri's conference, on December 3, 2024. As the geopolitical context has changed, so has the approach to international economic relations and the rules-based multilateral framework. Covid and Russia’s war against Ukraine have exposed the risks of extended supply chains and of having become dependent on a single supplier.

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Can carbon markets make a breakthrough at COP29?

Date de publication
30 October 2024
Accroche

Voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) have a strong potential, notably to help bridge the climate finance gap, especially for Africa.

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Kamala Harris's Economic Program

Date de publication
07 October 2024
Accroche

Since receiving the Democratic nomination in the wake of President Joe Biden’s decision to step aside in the 2024 American presidential race, Vice-President Kamala Harris has been striving to define her own policy platform to attract voters in the limited time remaining before the November 5th election. Since the economy is a central issue for American voters, Harris developed several propositions in that area.

Laurence NARDON Abigail LABRECK

NATO: 75 Years of Strategic Solidarity (replay)

03 October 2024
Accroche

The war in Ukraine, burden-sharing between Allies, U.S. disengagement from Europe, new areas of conflict... At a time when the Alliance has just celebrated its 75th anniversary and the Stoltenberg era is drawing to a close after ten years at the head of the organization, NATO's agenda bears witness to the diversity of its areas of action, as well as to the different perceptions of the Allies on these issues.

In the wake of the Washington summit, this conference of diplomats, military officers and researchers aims to analyze the short- and medium-term prospects for the Atlantic Alliance.

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Sat-to-Cell: Towards Universal Connectivity?

Date de publication
25 September 2024
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Sat-to-Cell is a new type of service that connects smartphones directly to satellites. It has recently enabled innovative applications such as emergency text messaging via satellite. The technology is developing rapidly, and many questions are now being raised about its potential impact.

Paul WOHRER Eric BOTTLAENDER

Global Financial Shifts: The Impact of Dollar Sanctions and Frozen Russian Assets

24 September 2024
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An interview with Brad Setser, Whitney Shepardson Senior Fellow (Council on Foreign Relations) led at Ifri on September 24, 2024.

Dollar-based financial sanctions have been increasing, particularly since the beginning of the century. Is this phenomenon likely to significantly alter the international role of the dollar?

There is a lot of controversy about the in which way frozen assets from Russia’s central bank should be treated, regarding both the assets themselves and the associated revenues. What consequences do you foresee for the international financial system?

Brad SETSER
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Sat-to-Cell: Towards Universal Connectivity?

Date de publication
25 September 2024
Accroche

Sat-to-Cell is a new type of service that connects smartphones directly to satellites. It has recently enabled innovative applications such as emergency text messaging via satellite. The technology is developing rapidly, and many questions are now being raised about its potential impact.

Paul WOHRER Eric BOTTLAENDER
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RAMSES 2025. Between Powers and Powerlessness

Date de publication
04 September 2024
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Never before have there been so many powers able to upset the international balance of power, and never before have the dominant powers seemed so powerless to counter the fragmentation of the world.

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The Future of Nuclear Proliferation after the War in Ukraine

Date de publication
16 April 2024
Accroche

In the context of deep changes to the international security environment, especially the war in Ukraine, the risks of nuclear proliferation seem quite high, especially in the Middle East and East Asia.

 
Nicholas L. MILLER
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First Year of Lula: Overview of the Political Situation in Brazil

Date de publication
11 January 2024
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This Briefing offers an analysis of Brazil's political and economic situation and prospects at the end of 2023. It also examines Brazil's position on certain international relations issues, thirteen months after Lula's election.

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Convince and Coerce: U.S. Interference in Technology Exchanges Between its Allies and China

Date de publication
22 February 2022
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The tough-on-China policy adopted by the Trump and Biden administrations has – and will increasingly have – important consequences for Washington’s allies, both on their infrastructure choices (5G, submarine cables...) and on their technological exchanges with China. 

The European Equation of Nuclear Deterrence, Variables and Possible Solutions

Date de publication
06 July 2020
Accroche

Ever since nuclear weapons were developed by the United States and the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics, Europe has lived under the nuclear shadow. A major direct confrontation between “the West” and “the East” could have very likely resulted in the detonation of nuclear weapons on the continent. As the Cold War ended, massive reductions in the US and Soviet arsenals (from 70,300 in 1986 to 13,890 in 2019) and a new security architecture radically transformed the European security environment.

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The Future of Europe in the Context of Sino-American Competition - Conclusions

Date de publication
30 December 2019
Accroche

In this special issue of Politique étrangère devoted to the proceedings of the conference organized by Ifri on April 10, 2019, at the Grand Amphitheater of the Sorbonne, on the occasion of its 40th anniversary, read the speech by Jean-Yves Le Drian, French Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs.

Jean-Yves LE DRIAN
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Cover PE Special Issue 2019

The Future of Europe in the Context of Sino-American Competition

Date de publication
30 December 2019
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This special issue of Politique étrangère focuses on the proceedings of the Conference organized by the French Institute of International Relations (Ifri) for its 40th anniversary, held on April 10th, 2019, in Sorbonne University's Grand Amphithéâtre.

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La guerre nucléaire limitée : un renouveau stratégique américain

Date de publication
21 November 2017
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Over the past few years, a debate on possible scenarios of limited nuclear weapons use has surfaced again in the United States. Russian nuclear saber-rattling since 2014 and the growing tensions in the Korean peninsula have led Washington to reassess its own ability to deter, or respond to, such a limited use of nuclear weapons.

NSA Does the Grand Tour

Date de publication
16 September 2013
Accroche

On Tuesday Barack Obama called President Francois Hollande of France to explain the National Security Agency’s massive surveillance of French government offices, businesses and private citizens. Obama stated that this was a well-meaning attempt to protect both countries from Islamic terrorism. He offered to “reexamine” the program so as to determine whether the right balance was struck between public safety and privacy rights.

Michael BRENNER

President Obama Snubs Europe: The US Perspective on the EU

Date de publication
11 February 2010
Accroche

Introduction

With the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty completed the EU is undergoing profound institutional changes. How does the US perceive the EU and these changes?

To analyze American perceptions of the EU it is first necessary to distinguish between the general American public and the American political elite.

Devon WEIDEMANN
Support independent French research

Ifri, a foundation recognized as being of public utility, relies largely on private donors – companies and individuals – to guarantee its sustainability and intellectual independence. Through their funding, donors help maintain the Institute's position among the world's leading think tanks. By benefiting from an internationally recognized network and expertise, donors refine their understanding of geopolitical risk and its consequences on global politics and the economy. In 2026, Ifri partners with over 90 French and international companies and organizations.

Presentation of Ramses 2026, Ifri, Paris
Related centers and programs
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Illustration Programme Amériques
Americas Program
Accroche centre

Ifri's work on the Americas region focuses mainly on the United States. Indeed, for more than 20 years, Ifri's Americas Program has provided keys to understanding American society and domestic policy while shedding light on developments in the country's foreign policy, including transatlantic relations and trade issues. 

 

Since 2023, a specific axis on Latin America structures more actively Ifri's research on this region.

 

Ifri's Canada program was active in 2015 and 2016.

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Americas Map
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