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The EU Green Deal External Impacts: Views from China, India, South Africa, Türkiye and the United States

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Ahead of June 2024 European elections and against the backdrop of growing geopolitical and geoeconomic frictions, if not tensions, between the EU and some of its largest trade partners, not least based on the external impacts of the European Green Deal (EGD), Ifri chose to collect views and analyses from leading experts from China, India, South Africa, Türkiye and the United States of America (US) on how they assess bilateral relations in the field of energy and climate, and what issues and opportunities they envisage going forward. 

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Regards extérieurs sur le Green Deal
Regards extérieurs sur le Green Deal
© Assembly by Ifri with images from Shutterstock.com.
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A key highlight from these contributions is that the EGD matters as it is taken seriously by most trading partners. While it is a source of frictions, if not tensions, the European Union (EU) actually has an influence on some of the policy dynamics in these countries. Also, the issues of economic security and industrial policy have now become pivotal in the discussions on energy and climate policies, which tends to reinforce further the geopolitical dimension of the EU energy transition. As EU’s policies have a growing external impact, and as EU’s energy transition process is increasingly affected by policies put in place in the rest of the world, the next European political cycle should put a robust external energy and climate strategy among its priorities, be it towards the neighborhood as well as larger trade partners.

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979-10-373-0873-3

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The EU Green Deal External Impacts: Views from China, India, South Africa, Türkiye and the United States

Decoration
Author(s)
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Marc-Antoine EYL-MAZZEGA Photo

Marc-Antoine EYL-MAZZEGA

Intitulé du poste
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Diana-Paula GHERASIM

Diana-Paula GHERASIM

Intitulé du poste

Research Fellow, Head of European Energy and Climate Policies, Energy and Climate Center, Ifri

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Kevin TU

Kevin TU

Intitulé du poste

Associate Research Fellow, Energy and Climate Center, Ifri

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Climate & Energy
Center for Energy & Climate
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Ifri's Energy and Climate Center carries out activities and research on the geopolitical and geoeconomic issues of energy transitions such as energy security, competitiveness, control of value chains, and acceptability. Specialized in the study of European energy/climate policies as well as energy markets in Europe and around the world, its work also focuses on the energy and climate strategies of major powers such as the United States, China or India. It offers recognized expertise, enriched by international collaborations and events, particularly in Paris and Brussels.

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Can carbon markets make a breakthrough at COP29?

Date de publication
30 October 2024
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Voluntary carbon markets (VCMs) have a strong potential, notably to help bridge the climate finance gap, especially for Africa.

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Taiwan's Energy Supply: The Achilles Heel of National Security

Date de publication
22 October 2024
Accroche

Making Taiwan a “dead island” through “a blockade” and “disruption of energy supplies” leading to an “economic collapse.” This is how Colonel Zhang Chi of the People’s Liberation Army and professor at the National Defense University in Beijing described the objective of the Chinese military exercises in May 2024, following the inauguration of Taiwan’s new president, Lai Ching-te. Similar to the exercises that took place after Nancy Pelosi’s visit to Taipei in August 2022, China designated exercise zones facing Taiwan’s main ports, effectively simulating a military embargo on Taiwan. These maneuvers illustrate Beijing’s growing pressure on the island, which it aims to conquer, and push Taiwan to question its resilience capacity.

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India’s Broken Power Economics : Addressing DISCOM Challenges

Date de publication
15 October 2024
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India’s electricity demand is rising at an impressive annual rate of 9%. From 2014 to 2023, the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) surged from 1.95 trillion dollars ($) to $3.2 trillion (constant 2015 US$), and the nation is poised to maintain this upward trajectory, with projected growth rates exceeding 7% in 2024 and 2025.  Correspondingly, peak power demand has soared from 136 gigawatts (GW) in 2014 to 243 GW in 2024, positioning India as the world’s third-largest energy consumer. In the past decade, the country has increased its power generation capacity by a remarkable 190 GW, pushing its total installed capacity beyond 400 GW. 

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The Troubled Reorganization of Critical Raw Materials Value Chains: An Assessment of European De-risking Policies

Date de publication
30 September 2024
Accroche

With the demand for critical raw materials set to, at a minimum, double by 2030 in the context of the current energy transition policies, the concentration of critical raw materials (CRM) supplies and, even more, of refining capacities in a handful of countries has become one of the paramount issues in international, bilateral and national discussions. China’s dominant position and successive export controls on critical raw materials (lately, germanium, gallium, rare earths processing technology, graphite, antimony) point to a trend of weaponizing critical dependencies.

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Regards extérieurs sur le Green Deal
© Assembly by Ifri with images from Shutterstock.com.

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The EU Green Deal External Impacts: Views from China, India, South Africa, Türkiye and the United States