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Energy - Climate

Description

In the face of the climate emergency and geopolitical confrontations, how can we reconcile security of supply, competitiveness, accessibility, decarbonization and acceptability? What policies are needed?

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Wind turbines generating sustainable energy amidst a green field.
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Publications
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Can the Biggest Emitters Set Up a Climate Club? A Review of International Carbon Pricing Debates

Date de publication
15 June 2021
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The world’s largest emitting countries are reconsidering the role of carbon pricing instruments and increasingly looking at carbon border adjustment mechanisms (CBAMs) to address leakage concerns. This renewed momentum should trigger a broader discussion on how to make trade policies compatible with the climate agenda.

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The Economic and Political Consequences of Falling Oil Production in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2030

Date de publication
11 June 2021
Accroche

The sharp rebound in oil prices since the second half of 2020, to nearly $70 per barrel in May 2021, represents only a temporary respite for oil-dependent African economies that must change their economic model very quickly.

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Is the TEN-E Regulation Fit for a Decarbonized Future? A Battle to Shape the European Energy Transition

Date de publication
09 June 2021
Accroche

The European Union’s energy infrastructure policy has become obsolete with the adoption of both the Green Deal and the 2050 climate neutrality target. The ongoing review of the regulation on Trans-European Energy Networks (TEN-E) should lead to an-depth discussion on Europe’s energy transition strategy.

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Denmark: A Case Study for a Climate-Neutral Europe

Date de publication
19 April 2021
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In recent years, Denmark has steadily emerged as a leader and role model in the global green energy transition. Its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions since 2010 have been reduced at greater pace than those of the European Union (EU) average. 

Thibault MENU
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Consequences of the coal phase-out on the electricity production in Germany: a best practice model for Europe?

Date de publication
06 April 2021
Accroche

2020 marked the beginning of the total phasing out of electricity production based on coal, as well as coal extraction in Germany. Laws implemented in 2020 concluded a governmental process started in 2015, which itself resulted from a prior broader debate on the role of coal in a viable and sustainable energy and economic system.

Felix Christian MATTHES
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Addressing the Climate Emergency: Closing 1,000 Gigawatts of Coal Plants by 2035

Date de publication
02 April 2021
Accroche

In order to have any chance of limiting global warming to well below +2°C, there is no choice but to tackle coal-fired power plants head-on, around the world. 

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The US Mineral Independance Strategy : An All-Out Mobilization

Date de publication
31 March 2021
Accroche

The Trump administration has been very actively designing and implementing a new strategy for reliable supply of critical minerals which aims at reducing the country’s vulnerabilities and becoming a leader in this field. 

Emmanuel LAPLANE
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The Automotive Industry: The Achilles’ Heel of German Economy?

Date de publication
25 March 2021
Accroche

The global car market has been shrinking since 2018. This is a key economic sector for Germany whose producers belong to the Top 15 carmakers worldwide. Yet they are running the risk of being outclassed and eventually replaced, given emerging actors in the USA and China.

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France eagerly awaits more detailed climate plan from China

26 January 2021
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The two countries have been solid partners throughout the Trump era and France is now watching China’s investments closely, both at home and abroad.

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Nord Stream 2: Europe stays quiet while US ‘tramples over EU sovereignty’

14 January 2021
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With the recent adoption of its defence budget for 2021, the US has further tightened the screw on Nord Stream 2, threatening sanctions on EU companies involved in the Russian-backed pipeline and putting the future of the project further into uncertainty.

How is Russia Adapting to a Threatening New Energy World?

Date de publication
26 July 2013
Accroche

The US shale gas revolution has shaken global gas markets. The US is on the eve of becoming self-sufficient in natural gas (and oil), thanks to the massive discoveries of unconventional resources on their territory, while being able to export part of their production. These developments have been closely watched by traditional oil and gas producers.

Maïté de BONCOURT Laura PARMIGIANI

The European Gas Market: A Reality Check

Date de publication
27 May 2013
Accroche

With the approach of the 2014 deadline for the completion of a truly European liberalized energy market, there is growing concern on the adequacy of the market structure with the changed economic and geopolitical environment. Market-based and short-term approaches have been fostered for both gas and electricity markets. Energy and climate policies have therefore a primary function in designing the basic rules for these markets to develop.

Laura PARMIGIANI

Offshore Gas in East Mediterranean: From Myth to Reality

Date de publication
14 May 2013
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The wave of deep offshore and unconventional gas and oil exploration projects, rendered economically feasible by relatively high prices and new technologies, has reached the shores of the Mediterranean. Levantine countries, including Cyprus, Israel, Palestinian Territories, Lebanon, Syria, have new offshore gas potentials.

 

Maïté de BONCOURT

The Conundrum of the Southern Gas Corridor: What are the Risks for Europe and Azerbaijan? The viewpoint of an insider

Date de publication
17 April 2013
Accroche

For more than ten years, harsh negotiations among different oil majors and pipeline consortia have been taking place about the Southern Gas Corridor, all of them seeking to transit 10 bcm/year of natural gas that will be produced from the Shah Deniz giant gas field of Azerbaijan to the European Union. As of today, no Final Investment Decision (FID) has been reached neither for the preferred pipeline route to Europe, nor for the production of the second phase of Shah Deniz.

Anthony LIVANIOS

The European Refining Crisis: What is at stake for Europe?

Date de publication
04 March 2013
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The European Refining sector is in crisis. The wave of refineries closures has spared no EU Member States.

Global Coal Trade from Tightness to Oversupply

Date de publication
20 February 2013
Accroche

Over the past four years, international coal trade has been reshaped by China’s surging imports. 

Powering Kuwait into the 21st Century: Alternatives for Power Generation

Date de publication
20 December 2012
Accroche

Kuwait is facing a surge in the consumption of power. The current power fuel mix, based on oil, appears unsustainable. Yet Kuwait has a large number of assets.

Solar Photovoltaic Energy Policy in Europe: Losing Sight of What is Right: Current Developments and Lessons Learned for Policymakers and Industry

Date de publication
20 December 2012
Accroche

Europe has set ambitious but drastic targets in order to fight climate change. The 20-20-20 objectives demonstrate this. By 2020, emissions are to be reduced by 20%, the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in energy consumption is targeted to rise to 20%, and energy efficiency is planned to increase by 20% in comparison to the 1990 levels in Europe.

Cherrelle EID

What Role for the EU in Doha?

Date de publication
28 November 2012
Accroche

Historical leader of the fight against climate change, the European Union’s influence declined in Copenhagen. This opened the way to the so-called BASIC countries to show their willingness to become a driving force in the international climate agenda. Interestingly enough, the Copenhagen conference also introduced a welcome shift in the traditional UN separation between developed and non-developed countries.

The European Coal Market: Will Coal survive the EC's Energy and Climate Policy?

Date de publication
15 October 2012
Accroche

The European coal industry is at a crossroads. The European Commission (EC) Energy Policy by 2020, the 20/20/20 targets, is not favourable to coal:

a 20% decrease in CO2 emissions does not favour coal compared with natural gas, its main competitor in electricity generation;

a 20% increase in energy efficiency will lead to a decrease in energy/coal consumption;

a 20% increase in renewables will displace other energy sources, including coal.

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Related centers and programs
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Climate & Energy
Center for Energy & Climate
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Ifri's Energy and Climate Center carries out activities and research on the geopolitical and geoeconomic issues of energy transitions such as energy security, competitiveness, control of value chains, and acceptability. Specialized in the study of European energy/climate policies as well as energy markets in Europe and around the world, its work also focuses on the energy and climate strategies of major powers such as the United States, China or India. It offers recognized expertise, enriched by international collaborations and events, particularly in Paris and Brussels.

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