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Semiconductors: how the United States is suffocating China

06 February 2023
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Accroche

The United States are ramping up its efforts to deny China access to the most advanced semiconductors powering smartphones, personal computers and the latest generation of supercomputers. 

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Digital Sovereignty: European Policies, American Dilemmas

Date de publication
31 January 2023
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European digital sovereignty has been made a priority by Ursula von der Leyen’s European Commission. Due to the privileged position of American companies in the European market, Brussels’ efforts towards digital sovereignty (on privacy, antitrust, data sovereignty, etc.) are closely scrutinized by American policymakers. 

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Europe’s big rare earth discovery seen as ‘game changer’ in bid to address China’s dominance

29 January 2023
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Europe has been almost entirely dependent on China for critical minerals for years, but a newly unearthed million-tonne deposit in Sweden could help reduce that reliance

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Israel and China, a Test of Loyalty for the United States?

Date de publication
26 January 2023
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Like the Gulf monarchies, Israel has strengthened its economic cooperation with China since Xi Jinping came to power in 2013, leading to an influx of Chinese capital, whether in Tel Aviv's high-tech sector or in Israel's port infrastructure. 

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Software Power: The Economic and Geopolitical Implications of Open Source Software

Date de publication
12 December 2022
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Open source is at the heart of the Internet infrastructure, of the software used by individuals or governments, and of the innovation processes of tech companies. Faced with threats to the security and sustainability of the open source model, governments are getting a hold of the topic, which is becoming increasingly geopolitical.

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China-Russia Cooperation in Space: The Reality behind the Speeches

Date de publication
08 December 2022
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China-Russia cooperation in space has been increasing for the past two decades. This cooperation accelerated after the Crimea crisis in 2014 and culminated with the announcement in 2021 of the joint construction of the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS).

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The Balkans: A New Great Game?

Date de publication
07 December 2022
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What political spaces make up the Old Continent? This question is at the heart of the Ukrainian conflict.

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The United Arab Emirates and Sino-American Competition: Towards a Policy of Non-Alignment?

Date de publication
02 December 2022
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In just under five years, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has accelerated its rapprochement with Xi Jinping’s China, to the point of becoming the first Gulf country to find itself at the heart of the rivalry between Beijing and Washington. Although benefiting from a large US military presence, the UAE has made its partnership with the Chinese regime a new priority that goes beyond energy and trade. 

Jean-Loup SAMAAN
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Europe-US resolve on China proves short-lived ahead of key meetings in Beijing and Washington

30 November 2022
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Most EU countries ‘don’t want to have to choose’ and ‘don’t want a world that is split into two camps’, says the bloc’s top diplomat. European governments have criticised Washington’s economic and China policies, and its leaders are scrambling to meet with President Xi Jinping.
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Neither Surveillance nor Algorithm-driven Consumerism. Toward an Alternative European Model for Smart Cities

Date de publication
16 November 2022
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Numerous smart city projects are emerging, guided by objectives of efficiency and improvement of public policies. All of them are based on intensive use of data and digital tools, but their concrete achievements take various forms. Some models are being exported and are becoming levers of influence, while Europe is still looking for its own path.

Jacques PRIOL Joé VINCENT-GALTIE
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China in Madagascar: Between Quiet Politcal Oppurtunism and Intense Trafficking

Date de publication
04 November 2022
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In the context of growing regional rivalries between major powers in the Indian Ocean, the stakes of Sino-Malagasy relations are major. 

François GIOVALUCCHI Juvence RAMASY
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We need to talk about Xi Jinping: G7’s discord over powerful trading partner

27 October 2022
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Disagreements have opened up about strategy when China is also seen as an existential threat. Western powers in the G7 group of nations are failing to coordinate their China strategies, senior western officials admit, adding that the need to do so has been given sharp impetus by Xi Jinping’s consolidation of power at this month’s Communist party congress.

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Round Up Of New Reports On OpenRAN Security

26 October 2022
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Following assertions of OpenRAN solutions offering costs cuts and shortcuts to 5G and even claims of superior security, a series of reports from governments, scientific labs, security expert and think tanks investigate the technology. They showcase perspectives from the United State, the European Union, and emerging countries.

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'Xi Jinping's religious crackdown signals the party's inability to control people's minds'

24 October 2022
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The decline of the Marxist utopia and the collapse of traditional ethics have created a moral and spiritual vacuum, forging a path for religions, notes Asia specialist Claude Meyer.

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“Open” Telecom Networks (Open RAN): Towards a Reconfiguration of International Competition in 5G?

Date de publication
12 October 2022
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In line with the anti-Huawei diplomatic campaign of the Trump and Biden administrations, the United States has promoted an alternative: Open RAN, a concept defined by "open" network architectures. At the intersection of 5G geopolitics and standards, what risks and opportunities does Open RAN present for European technological sovereignty?

China's power: views from Kevin Rudd, former Prime Minister of Australia

12 October 2022
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An interview with Kevin Rudd, former Prime Minister of Australia.

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Modernizing the People's Liberation Army: The Human Factor

Date de publication
11 October 2022
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The tremendous demographic challenges facing China will not significantly affect the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in the immediate future, but will become more problematic in the medium and long term. The rapid aging of the population and the resulting socio-economic imbalances will put pressure on defense budgets, military wages and the general attractiveness of the army. For the time being, the PLA’s primary goal in terms of human resources is to build a less oversized, more professional army, prepared for high-intensity combat.

 

Marc JULIENNE Constantin LAGRAULET
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Japan’s Africa aid rivals China in terms of ‘quality over quantity’: analysts

02 October 2022
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Japan has been investing in the continent for longer than China and applies international standards to its infrastructure financing, analysts said. Its pockets may not be as deep, but its support of good governance and democratic principles makes it a tempting development partner for African states.

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Japan’s Africa policy: Back to basics in times of crisis

Date de publication
16 September 2022
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Addressing remotely the 8th Japan-Africa TICAD Summit held in Tunis between August 27th and 28th, Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida pledged $30 billion in public and private contributions to the African continent over the course of the next three years. This is a quite a remarkable move, as no specific amount was mentioned by the late Prime Minister, Shinzō Abe, at the previous TICAD 7 in 2019. By doing so, Japan aims at demonstrating that its commitment to Africa is solid and sustainable: its traditional approach towards a human-centered development is more relevant than ever in these times of crisis (between the pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and the adverse effects of climate change), and clearly marks a difference from China’s practices.

War in Ukraine: A New World?

Date de publication
13 September 2022
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Beyond the tactical sphere, the conflict in Ukraine has already had numerous repercussions, and its conclusion will provoke many more in the global system. In this special issue, Politique étrangère explores some potential outcomes.

China's Growing Natural Gas Insecurity and the Potential of Chinese Shale Gas

Date de publication
22 April 2013
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China is poised for a dramatic increase in its demand for natural gas. As total energy demand has risen to record levels in the last five years, China has found itself in an increasingly difficult bind: the social and environmental burden from coal is becoming too heavy to bear and a growing dependence on foreign oil is becoming strategically more risky with the passage of time. 

Japan and the South China Sea: Forging Strategic Partnerships in a Divided Region

Date de publication
12 January 2013
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In the midst of growing tensions with China, Japan is deepening its strategic engagement in Southeast Asia. Preserving stability in the South China Sea, which is threatened by renewed frictions around contested territories, is a vital interest for sea lane-dependent Japan. Moreover, Tokyo considers Southeast Asian countries as crucial partners in balancing against an increasingly powerful and more assertive China.

China's Two-Track Foreign Policy: From Ambiguous to Clear-Cut Positions

Date de publication
16 December 2012
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This analysis examines the current ambiguities, priorities and approaches of Chinese foreign policy from a practitioner’s perspective, taking into account experiences of Beijing-based diplomats (interviews conducted in 2011 and 2012), in addition to recent Chinese foreign policy positions and official communications.
It leads to the following conclusions:

Crossing the line: A new status quo in the East China Sea?

Date de publication
22 October 2012
Accroche

The decision of the Japanese Government to purchase a number of the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands from their private owner sparked fury in Beijing. Such spikes of fever between China and Japan are not without precedent. However, the gravity of this latest episode raises the question of whether a point of no return has been reached in the Sino-Japanese relationship.

Rare Earths and the East China Sea: Why hasn't China embargoed shipments to Japan?

Date de publication
05 October 2012
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As tensions persist between China and Japan in the East China Sea, it is interesting to note that one of the most symbolic actions of the previous crisis has yet to make an appearance this time around. 

The GCC States of the Persian Gulf and Asia Energy Relation

Date de publication
28 September 2012
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Since the 2000s, China and India's needs for hydrocarbons, coming on top of those of older industrialized Asian countries (Japan and South Korea), have considerably strengthened customer-supplier links between Asia in general and the Persian Gulf, in the energy field.

Thierry KELLNER

China and Cleaner Coal: A marriage of necessity destined for failure?

Date de publication
25 April 2012
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For China, coal is a crucial source of abundant, indigenous and affordable energy and is a pillar of economic and social stability. From a logic of energy security, and because the industry itself maintains a formidable political presence through the sheer fact of its history and size, this resource will continue to play a central role in the country’s energy mix. But in order to respond to the growing need to reduce the burden of coal use on the environment and the Chinese population, and to prevent catastrophic climate change, both Chinese leaders and the industry itself have faced a certain reality - coal must become cleaner.

New Economic Development Opportunities for Taiwan in the Post-ECFA Era

Date de publication
15 April 2012
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The main aim of this paper is to analyze the new opportunities for Taiwan’s ongoing economic development in the era following the signing of the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) between Taiwan and China. 

Da-Nien LIU Hui-Tzu SHIH

Rare Earths and the WTO: Tougher case than it looks

Date de publication
20 March 2012
Accroche

Deepening their partnership, Ifri and the Canon Institute for Global Studies (CIGS) are launching a series of op-eds, written both by Ifri and CIGS experts. This new series aims at providing the European and Asian public with original and different visions on the rapidly evolving international affairs.

The Recent Blossoming in Relations between China and Madagascar

Date de publication
20 February 2012
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The question of the Chinese presence in Madagascar is very accurate. It is an opportunity for us to portray the sino-madagarscan relations.

The Expanding Chinese Footprint in Latin America: New Challenges for China, and Dilemmas for the US

Date de publication
20 February 2012
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The physical presence of China in Latin America is entering a phase of significant expansion, as the logical consequence of the rapid growth over the past decade of its trade, investment, and infrastructure for doing business in the region.

Evan ELLIS

Doors Wide Shut? An Update on FDI Regulations in China

Date de publication
30 January 2012
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The fears of a rise in economic nationalism in China have been fueled by a number of recent moves, such as changes in the law on indigenous innovation or the enactment of a national security review (NSR) regulation for M&As by foreign enterprises. The objective of the current paper is twofold: First is to provide an update on the investment environment in China in order to determine whether or not these provisions reflect a move in the direction of more protectionism, and second is to suggest ways for European countries to level the playing field for their firms wishing to invest in China.

Internet Companies in China: Dancing between the Party Line and the Bottom Line

Date de publication
29 January 2012
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With over 500 million Internet users and 900 million mobile-phone subscribers by mid-2011, the Chinese Internet is an enormous market that has produced the spectacular rise of many Chinese Internet companies and attracted substantial foreign investment. This paper argues that, despite a great degree of liberalization of its market over the past 15 years, the Chinese Internet remains authoritarian in nature. Not only did the central government actively shape the infrastructure and rules of China's information superhighways, but recently it has also vigorously built state-controlled Internet companies, including a national search engine.

Min JIANG

Russian Gas: Reminder of Yesterday Presaging Tomorrow?

Date de publication
08 November 2011
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One can’t help but be struck by the irony earlier this week of Russian President (ad-interim) Medvedev celebrating the landing of gas in Lubmin Germany from the Nordstream gas pipeline from Russia while Former President and President-in-waiting Putin welcomes Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao to seek a deal to send Russian gas east to Chinese markets.

Toward Higher Household Consumption? An Up-to-Date Analysis of China's Economic Transition

Date de publication
13 July 2011
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For more than two decades, China's economy has been growing at an average rate of close to 10 percent. As a result of this stellar performance, China ascended to the rank of the world's second largest economy in 2010, surpassing Japan.

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CHINESE CLIMATE POLICY - INSTITUTIONS AND INTENT

Chinese Climate Policy: Institutions and Intent

Date de publication
05 July 2011
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Until the late 1990s, the balance of Chinese energy production and consumption was treated by the rest of the world as a net figure. No one knew what was going on inside the Chinese economy - it was a black box. As far as anyone was concerned, the Chinese would not soon be a major factor in world energy markets.

William C. RAMSAY Jacques LESOURNE

How the Chinese See Russia

Date de publication
09 January 2011
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This essay examines Chinese attitudes toward Russia as a great power, neighbor, partner and competitor.

Electric Cars: the Orient and the Occident

Date de publication
01 October 2010
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China is looking ahead and thinking electric. The Chinese government recently announced the release of $15 billion in a “Manhattan-style” venture to support electric vehicle (EV) research, standardization and development as part of its five-year plan and to meet its seemingly unattainable objective of introducing 500 000 “clean” vehicles per year by 2011. 

Spat in the East China Sea Offers Lesson on Raw Material Dependence

Date de publication
28 September 2010
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There is a valuable lesson to be learned about raw material dependence from the tensions between China and Japan in the East China Sea. It’s not about the oil and gas that is thought to be stored under the seabed in disputed waters, but rather the so-called “rare earth elements”, of which China produces 97% of the global supply.

China-India Relations: Strategic Engagement and Challenges

Date de publication
27 September 2010
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Sino-Indian relations have become increasingly significant and produced widespread implications. The evolving bilateral relationship is reasonably seen as a result of their shifting strategies and the ever-changing global politico-economic situation. On the political front, high-level interaction plays an important role in improving Sino-Indian ties. The political willingness to improve relations helps kick-start the significant process of building confidence and trust in different areas and at various levels.

ZHANG Li
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