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Fossil Energies

Description

The geopolitics of hydrocarbons - how are global balances changing, and what are the implications for Europe, emerging and rentier states, as well as for energy transitions?

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Publications
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Moving towards a metallic age: building industry resilience through a strategic storage mechanism for Rare Earth Metals

Date de publication
31 May 2022
Accroche

The decarbonisation of our economies, along with the challenges of strengthening the resilience of industrial value chains, reindustrialisation, notably through low-carbon and digital technologies, and the end of a period of cheap oil and gas, are accelerating the advent of an era of increased dependence on metals in a context of new and growing competition for access to resources. ​

Vincent DONNEN
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Saving Energy in a Hurry: Reducing Dependence on Russian Hydrocarbons Requires Resolute Demand and Supply Sides Action

Date de publication
17 March 2022
Accroche

Facing Russia’s aggression on Ukraine, European countries have enacted economic and financial sanctions against Russia. 

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A Sino-Congolese Scandal. Illegal Exploitation of Minerals and Forests by Chinese Companies in South Kivu

Date de publication
09 February 2022
Accroche

Since 2020, the exploitation of gold from mining sites in the Wamuzimu chiefdom in the South Kivu province by Chinese companies has aroused great discontent among the population. 

Justin MWETAMINWA Thierry VIRCOULON
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Power to the Cooks! New Clean Cooking Opportunities for Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

Date de publication
01 February 2022
Accroche

2.6 billion people globally and 1 billion in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) cook using biomass fuel. The detrimental effects on the environment and public health, as well as the time and money lost are considerable. If nothing new is done, this situation will worsen further in SSA.

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Strengthening Sovereignty in the Era of Global Value Chains

Date de publication
14 December 2021
Accroche

How to reduce the vulnerabilities induced by these global value chains to be more independent, while taking into account the reality of these productive processes which precisely generate interdependencies?

Paul HERAULT
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Uranium in Namibia: Yellowcake Fever

Date de publication
01 December 2021
Accroche

Mineral revenues are the driving force behind Namibia’s economic performance. Namibia is rich in mineral resources which include uranium, diamond, copper, gold, lead, lithium and zinc. However, these mineral riches are not always allocated and utilized in a transparent manner and seem to benefit disproportionately a small number of wealthy elites, many of them affiliated with the ruling party SWAPO.

Selma EL OBEID
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A Strategy for Solving Europe’s Imported Deforestation Problem

Date de publication
19 October 2021
Accroche

The European Union (EU) is the world’s main trader in agricultural products, with imports totaling €142 billion in 2020. These imported agricultural products include commodities – palm oil, beef, cocoa, coffee, soy, etc. – that are responsible for deforestation in producing countries and thus create an “imported deforestation” problem for Europe.

Alain KARSENTY Nicolas PICARD
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After the Hydrogen Bubble Bursts: The Factors Shaping and Possibly Unfolding International Hydrogen Value Chains

Date de publication
17 September 2021
Accroche

The laws of physics and the geographic realities will prevail over the myths of hydrogen (H2): it will essentially be delivering carbon-neutral feedstocks to the chemical and steelmaking industries, carbon-neutral fuels to shipping and aviation, and eventually ensuring security in fully decarbonized power grids.

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Geopolitics of the World’s Forests: Strategies for Tackling Deforestation

Date de publication
15 September 2021
Accroche

Deforestation continues at a worrying pace worldwide, except in temperate and boreal countries. It is caused by the race for land, underpinned by population growth and rising global demand for “deforestation-prone” products. Moreover, with climate change, mega-fires are now posing unprecedented threats to forests.

Alain KARSENTY
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The Economic and Political Consequences of Falling Oil Production in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2030

Date de publication
11 June 2021
Accroche

The sharp rebound in oil prices since the second half of 2020, to nearly $70 per barrel in May 2021, represents only a temporary respite for oil-dependent African economies that must change their economic model very quickly.

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Possible Energy Transitions through 2029

Date de publication
20 March 2019
Accroche

Renewable energies are experiencing rapid growth, due not only to their limited impact on the environment but also to shrinking costs. To fight climate change, new investments in low carbon technologies are necessary. Apart from its positive aspects, the energy transition carries risks, notably geopolitical. The notion of energy security will be profoundly modified. These risks can be anticipated and managed.

Adnan Z. AMIN
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Electricity storage in a redesigned market

Date de publication
20 March 2017
Accroche

Storage technologies have the potential to significantly support the EU’s electricity system, bringing a number of flexibility services. There are numerous electric energy storage (EES) technologies, tackling different magnitudes in terms of quantity of energy, ramp-up time, duration of discharge, costs, and lifetime. 

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Challenge of Making Smart Cities in India

Date de publication
24 October 2016
Accroche

The Indian government has launched the Smart Cities Mission in June 2015 with the aim of providing a better quality of life to the citizens in 100 cities of the country. This paper describes the main features of the Mission and attempts to explain the challenges in the way forward.

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Energy Relations between Russia and China: Playing Chess with the Dragon

Date de publication
01 August 2016
Accroche

Post-sanctions Russia-China energy relations: what expectations?

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Shifting Political Economy of Russian Oil and Gas

Date de publication
01 March 2016
Accroche

Dramatic changes in the Russian energy strategy and energy-based political alliances are to be expected due to the evolution of the domestic oil and gas market resulting from the economic crisis and sanctions linked to the annexation of Crimea.

Water and Energy in the GCC: Securing Scarce Water in Oil-Rich Countries

Date de publication
08 September 2015
Accroche

Water scarcity in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states has traditionally been addressed by finding new ways of producing water. The high costs of desalinated water production are borne by the State through subsidies. As this trend is not environmentally or economically sustainable, new strategies are now giving priority to cost recovery and efficient resource management.

Laura PARMIGIANI
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The Political and Commercial Dynamics of Russia's Gas Export Strategy

Date de publication
01 September 2015
Accroche

A wide-ranging look at the way Gazprom interacts with an increasingly challenging global gas market for Russia.

Gazprom in Europe: a Business Doomed to Fail?

Date de publication
01 July 2014
Accroche

The construction of what is nowadays called European energy policy is an ongoing process that officially started with the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951, and has not yet been entirely finalized. It took several decades to move from a Community composed of six countries to a policy – not fully fledged – intended to strengthen as much as possible cohesion between 28 EU member states in the energy sector.

Russian LNG: The Long Road to Export

Date de publication
08 December 2013
Accroche

On 1 December 2013 a law on the export liberalization of liquefied natural gas (LNG) came into legal force in Russia. The law allows some categories of companies other than Russia's state gas giant Gazprom and its subsidiary companies to have LNG export rights.

Trans Caspian Gas: A Worthy Teething Ring for Europe's Energy Diplomats

Date de publication
21 September 2011
Accroche

As an early task in its efforts to build a common external energy policy, the Commission has announced it will turn its attention to bringing the vast gas resources of Turkmenistan to European consumers. This will be an excellent place for the Commission to test its ability to speak with one voice for its polyglot constituency. First, their task may be facilitated by the fact that on this topic, no European voices are yet particularly audible.

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