East Asia Confronted with China
China is now an undeniable heavyweight on the international scene, wielding a remarkable range of political strategies. Studying its position in the surrounding area of Southeast Asia in relation to Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries, as well as Australia, gives us an understanding of both the strength and the limits of such a diverse range of actions.
Military aggression in the China Seas, seduction by way of vaccines, economic control, investments wielded as tools of influence, attempts at political takeover, the marginalization of outside (i.e., Western) players in favor of organizations based within the region . . . anything goes in China’s bid to reinforce the centrality of its power in the face of states that are torn between their interests in neighboring countries and their desire for independence. The balance of power in Southeast Asia could well be symbolic of the world to come.
COVID-19 has not upset the geopolitical rationales at work across the world: the geography of vaccine distribution clearly shows it. This distribution, which broadly corresponds with the assertiveness of global powers in their respective zones of influence, reveals a geopolitics of immunity. On the other hand, the general consensus of those who have relied upon globalization up to now has been called into question, in particular with regard to the sustainability of public debt. How will they close the floodgates that were opened during the public funding crisis? Will the debts that were created therein be paid back, and if so, how?
This issue is available in French only.
CASE FILE
EASTERN ASIA CONFRONTED WITH CHINA
China/Japan: Redefining Coexistence, by Céline Pajon
China/South Korea: Mutual Frustration, by Antoine Bondaz
Beijing: Taiwan's Worst and Greatest Enemy, by Marc Julienne and John Seaman
China and South-East Asia: Has the Die Been Cast, by Sophie Boisseau du Rocher
Australian Resistance in response to China, by Nadège Rolland
COUNTER ANALYSIS
HOW TO DEAL WITH DEBT?
Is Public Debt a Problem?, by François Geerolf and Pierre Jacquet
Public Debt Outlook, by François Ecalle
CURRENT AFFAIRS
COVID-19: The Geopolitics of Herd Immunity, by Patrick Allard (In French only - COVID-19 : géopolitique de l'immunité collective)
How Can American Democracy Be Fixed?, by Laurence Nardon
BAROMETERS
Strait of Hormuz: The War of Nerves, by Morgan Paglia (In French only - Détroit d'Ormuz : la guerre des nerfs)
Dubai's Model Versus Abu Dhabi's Centralism, by Matthieu Etourneau
Are the two Koreas Perpetually Moving Towards Peace?, by Rémy Hémez
REFLECTIONS
Europe: Power and Finance, by Sylvie Goulard
BOOK REVIEWS
Toxic Politics: China’s Environmental Health Crisis and Its Challenge to the Chinese State, by Yanzhong Huang
China Goes Green : Coercive Environmentalism for a Troubled Planet, by Yifei Li et Judith Shapiro
By John Seaman
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East Asia Confronted with China
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The Year He Woke
Vikas Swarup, an Indian writer and former diplomat, is the author of four novels, including Q & A (New York: Doubleday, 2005), which has been translated into 47 languages and adapted for the screen under the title Slumdog Millionaire.
Text published in Politique étrangère, Vol. 91, No. 2, 2026.
War and Technology: An Approaching Military Revolution?
Historically, technological change has altered how battles are fought but has not overturned the fundamental principles of war. However, three considerations may now represent an actual revolution: the recourse to tactical nuclear weapons, the development of software for “multi-domain operations,” and the prospect of general artificial intelligence. The organization of militaries and the use of force need to be rethought in this light.
War and Technology: An Approaching Military Revolution?
Historically, technological change has altered how battles are fought but has not overturned the fundamental principles of war. However, three considerations may now represent an actual revolution: the recourse to tactical nuclear weapons, the development of software for “multi-domain operations,” and the prospect of general artificial intelligence. The organization of militaries and the use of force need to be rethought in this light.
The Crises Testing Arms Control
The arms control system built during and after the Cold War is under enormous stress and is fraying at the edges. It once enabled significant improvements in international security but is in danger of not withstanding the resurgence of tensions in recent years. Urgent action is now needed to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons, as well as cluster bombs and anti-personnel mines.