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Hybrid Warfare in the Strategic Spectrum: an Historical Assessment

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"Hybrid Warfare" is a fashionable concept, but in order fo it to be really relevant, it has to be visualized within the whole strategic spectrum.

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While references to "hybrid warfare" are now proliferating at every corner of the strategic community, it is already shaping debates that will in turn have critical consequences for Western states equipment and force structures. This is why it is so essential to validate the relevance of the concept and the nature of the phenomena it aims to put a name on. To answer this, it is important to analyze the features and the location of hybrid warfare at the three different levels of war: the political and strategic level, that of operational art and finally the tactics and weapons systems.

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978-88-96898-12-3

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Élie TENENBAUM

Élie TENENBAUM

Intitulé du poste

Directeur du Centre des études de sécurité de l'Ifri

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Security Studies Center
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Heir to a tradition dating back to the founding of Ifri, the Security Studies Center provides public and private decision-makers as well as the general public with the keys to understanding power relations and contemporary modes of conflict as well as those to come. Through its positioning at the juncture of politics and operations, the credibility of its civil-military team and the wide distribution of its publications in French and English, the Center for Security Studies constitutes in the French landscape of think tanks a unique center of research and influence on the national and international defense debate.

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The Hunt for Economic Security: The Role of Navies in Deterring Threats to the Maritime Economy

Date de publication
10 June 2025
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The maritime domain is currently faced with a wide variety of threats, such as climate change, economic warfare, shadow fleet operations, protection of critical infrastructures, and illicit activities ranging from illegal fishing to piracy. Navies suffer from inherent limitations when deterring threats to the global maritime economy: their global presence and permanence limits their credibility in terms of deterrence, their focus usually set on immediate deterrence, implementing deterrence by punishment in and from the naval domain is difficult and costly.

Olivier SCHMITT Louise TUMCHEWICS
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A Fragile Consensus? The Pressure on the Norm Against Nuclear Testing

Date de publication
22 April 2025
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Apart from North Korea, no state has conducted explosive nuclear tests in the 21st century, reflecting the emergence of a strong international norm against such testing.

Doreen HORSCHIG
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The Franco-German Brigade and the Revival of European Defense

Date de publication
08 April 2025
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One thing has been clear since Donald Trump's return to the White House: the very existence of the European unification project is threatened. Unless it develops a sovereign defense policy to counter the war in Ukraine and the weakening of American security guarantees, the European Union will continue to see its internal cohesion and external attractiveness wane.

Jacob ROSS Nicolas TÉTERCHEN
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Taking the Pulse: Can Europeans Build Their Independent Extended Nuclear Deterrent?

Date de publication
03 April 2025
Accroche

Confronted with a U.S. disengagement and the Russian threat, Europeans are reconsidering their stance on nuclear deterrence. Given the capabilities of the French and British arsenals, can Europe develop an independent nuclear deterrent?

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