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After Barkhane: Rethinking France’s Strategic Posture in West Africa

Studies
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Focus Stratégique
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Références
Focus stratégique, No. 109, May 2022
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Accroche
Nearly a decade after its successful war against terrorism in Mali, France is now in the process of turning a page in its military history in Africa. The upcoming end of Operation Barkhane, scheduled since the spring of 2021, comes, however, in a particularly deteriorated strategic context.
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Patrols in the streets of Gao, 2019
Patrols in the streets of Gao, 2019
Sergeant Tanhao Stadel / French Army
Corps analyses

While building a solid combat partnership with local forces was at the heart of French strategy, the tricolor flag is leaving Mali in a context of diplomatic rupture and unequivocal progress of Russian influence in the country. At the same time, the outbreak of war in Ukraine transformed the European geopolitical landscape, unavoidably questioning France's expeditionary posture and its efforts to Europeanize the fight against terrorism in the Sahel. Finally, the jihadi threat continues to progress, gradually making its way to the countries of the Gulf of Guinea where the key French political, economic and security interests in the region are located.

This evolution makes it even more urgent for France to adapt its military and strategic posture in the entire region. It must first aim to redefine its ambitions and objectives, with a clear appreciation of the resources that can be devoted to them. Finally, it must lead to a global and coherent adaptation of its system.

 

This content is available in French: "Après Barkhane : repenser la posture stratégique française en Afrique de l’Ouest".

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Author(s)
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Laurent BANSEPT

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Élie TENENBAUM

Élie TENENBAUM

Intitulé du poste

Director of Ifri’s Security Studies Center

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Security Studies Center
Accroche centre

Heir to a tradition dating back to the founding of Ifri, the Security Studies Center provides public and private decision-makers as well as the general public with the keys to understanding power relations and contemporary modes of conflict as well as those to come. Through its positioning at the juncture of politics and operations, the credibility of its civil-military team and the wide distribution of its publications in French and English, the Center for Security Studies constitutes in the French landscape of think tanks a unique center of research and influence on the national and international defense debate.

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French soldiers during an exercise in the forest
Defense Research Unit
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The Defense Research Unit is a program that aims at stimulating the strategic debate by dealing with subjects at the junction of the “technico-operational” and the “political-strategic”. A unique structure in France, it brings together civilian researchers and “military fellows” from each of the three armies to produce work on defense policies, the capability and strategic adaptation of armies, and foresight on tomorrow's conflicts.

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Finland: The Ally Who Came in from the Cold

Date de publication
10 April 2026
Accroche

Among all European countries, Finland is perhaps the one whose strategic culture and military model have changed the least since the end of the Cold War. Built after the end of the Second World War to deter a potential new Soviet invasion, this model enabled Finland to serve as an example of European rearmament.

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Stability under Pressure. A Pakistani View on Nuclear Deterrence after Pahalgam

Date de publication
24 June 2026
Accroche

The May 2025 India-Pakistan crisis after the Pahalgam attack has generated a familiar but incomplete debate: did nuclear deterrence work, or did it merely allow both sides to fight a limited war under the nuclear shadow? The better answer is that deterrence worked at the level at which it was designed to work. It prevented a general war and an uncontrolled vertical escalation, and kept nuclear weapons in the background. But it did not prevent India from attempting to carve out space for conventional action, nor did it prevent Pakistan from responding conventionally to restore deterrence credibility.

Rabia Akhtar
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Strategic Shift in NATO’s Support for Ukraine. A Study of NSATU and PURL Initiatives

Date de publication
04 June 2026
Accroche

This study analyzes a significant transformation in NATO’s practical support to Ukraine, marked by the establishment of the NATO Security Assistance and Training for Ukraine (NSATU) mission and the Prioritized Ukraine Requirements List (PURL) funding mechanism.

Iryna KRASNOSHTAN
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French Forward Deterrence: What Is in It for the Baltic States?

Date de publication
25 May 2026
Accroche

For what may be its most significant stress test since the end of the Cold War, European deterrence is under strain. Russia’s war against Ukraine has demonstrated Moscow’s willingness to use force and its ability to combine conventional operations with nuclear signalling, coercive rhetoric, and hybrid actions. At the same time, the gradual deterioration of transatlantic relations has revived concerns about the reliability of extended deterrence.

Page image credits
Patrols in the streets of Gao, 2019
Sergeant Tanhao Stadel / French Army
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How can this study be cited?

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Laurent BANSEPT, Élie TENENBAUM, « After Barkhane: Rethinking France’s Strategic Posture in West Africa », Studies, Focus Stratégique, Ifri, 10 May 2022.
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