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Human Machine Teaming and the Future of Air Operations

Studies
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Focus Stratégique
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Focus stratégique, No. 106, September 2021
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The increasing autonomy and digitization of battlefields implies a re-examination of Man Machine Teaming (MMT). While Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significant benefits, the human cognitive system remains unique until this day. Nonetheless, as demonstrated by the “centaur” approach, man-machine teaming offers even greater potentials than the two working separately.

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Man Machine Teaming’s operational gains are thought to be tremendous, but so are their challenges. As the systems grow increasingly autonomous, their interaction with humans gets more complex, with AI slowly transitioning from a tool-like role to that of a crewmember. To make the most of this new collaboration, the very conception of these new technologies needs to be rethought in order to focus their designs on humans. Allowing humans to effectively interact with systems that have varying degrees of autonomy is expected to give armed forces a new factor of operational superiority.

Numerous countries are now developing MMT military program. In France, the “future aerial combat system” or SCAF carries these new stakes in the field of military airpower – a field where man-system integration is old and where its potentials are great. From logistic to swarming in, from flight assistants to “cobots”, the possibilities of effective man-machine teaming are wide and they are already reshaping the field of military airpower.

This content is available in French : La synergie homme-machine et l'avenir des opérations aériennes

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979-10-373-0417-9

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Raphaël BRIANT

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Security Studies Center
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Heir to a tradition dating back to the founding of Ifri, the Security Studies Center provides public and private decision-makers as well as the general public with the keys to understanding power relations and contemporary modes of conflict as well as those to come. Through its positioning at the juncture of politics and operations, the credibility of its civil-military team and the wide distribution of its publications in French and English, the Center for Security Studies constitutes in the French landscape of think tanks a unique center of research and influence on the national and international defense debate.

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Date de publication
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Accroche

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Finland: The Ally Who Came in from the Cold

Date de publication
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Accroche

Among all European countries, Finland is perhaps the one whose strategic culture and military model have changed the least since the end of the Cold War. Built after the end of the Second World War to deter a potential new Soviet invasion, this model enabled Finland to serve as an example of European rearmament.

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Stability under Pressure. A Pakistani View on Nuclear Deterrence after Pahalgam

Date de publication
24 June 2026
Accroche

The May 2025 India-Pakistan crisis after the Pahalgam attack has generated a familiar but incomplete debate: did nuclear deterrence work, or did it merely allow both sides to fight a limited war under the nuclear shadow? The better answer is that deterrence worked at the level at which it was designed to work. It prevented a general war and an uncontrolled vertical escalation, and kept nuclear weapons in the background. But it did not prevent India from attempting to carve out space for conventional action, nor did it prevent Pakistan from responding conventionally to restore deterrence credibility.

Rabia Akhtar
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Strategic Shift in NATO’s Support for Ukraine. A Study of NSATU and PURL Initiatives

Date de publication
04 June 2026
Accroche

This study analyzes a significant transformation in NATO’s practical support to Ukraine, marked by the establishment of the NATO Security Assistance and Training for Ukraine (NSATU) mission and the Prioritized Ukraine Requirements List (PURL) funding mechanism.

Iryna KRASNOSHTAN

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Raphaël BRIANT, « Human Machine Teaming and the Future of Air Operations », Studies, Focus Stratégique, Ifri, 23 September 2021.
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