Resulting from compromises between states, international law expresses political-strategic power relations that lawfare seeks to manipulate in four main ways:

• adjusting legal constraints by reinterpreting existing norms
• establishing new norms through legal lobbying as a power strategy
• mobilizing legal effects to coerce an actor through strategic litigation
• using law as a reputational weapon

Although lawfare is controversial when understood as a misuse of the rule of law, it is now being institutionalized. While states do not claim direct responsibility for acts of lawfare, the increasing use of legal vectors to achieve political-strategic ends is a notable feature of the disruptions at work in the international system. States have always used the law for strategic purposes, but recent developments—the proliferation of courts of justice, the increasing media coverage of conflicts, and the growing confusion between legality and legitimacy—tend to favor a greater instrumentalization of the law.

This content is available in French: Vers une guerre des normes ? Du lawfare aux opérations juridiques.