Security and Defense

Operational command structures have always been able to adapt to the strategic context. However, they now face a new challenge: high intensity threats. 

It is a classic exercise to imagine what today’s world would be like if all satellites were shut down. The exact consequences of such a scenario, which is not unlikely given the inherent vulnerability of space systems to natural, accidental and deliberate interferences, are however difficult...

The war in Yemen has entered its fifth year, and the situation is more complex than ever.

The last four decades have witnessed the profound transformation of the very foundations of the international system: the globalization of trade, technical revolutions, the upheaval of the hierarchy of powers, the emergence of China, the explosion of the Middle-East, the mutation of conflicts...

Urbanization is a relentless trend, and as cities grow and expand, armed conflict and violence are urbanizing as well. 

The Franco-German couple has long been charac­terized by divergent trajectories on nuclear matters, and antagonist historical decisions still frame the current relationship.

Despite a relative weakening since 2017, the international jihadist movement should continue to pose a genuine threat over the next decade.

Although it had never entirely disappeared, the surface-to-air threat was mitigated for three decades by Western air superiority. It now benefits from a modernization and dissemination momentum that will increasingly hinder expeditionary forces’ freedom of action. 

Nowadays, numerous actors are involved in military cooperation programs aiming to strengthen African armed forces and build special partnerships. 

Despite the development of artificial intelligence (AI) only being in its early stages, it has already had an impact on armed forces.